Subtype of acute myeloid leukaemia characterised by accumulation of promyelocytes
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(May 2015)
Medical condition
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Bone marrow smear from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia, showing characteristic abnormal promyelocytes.[1]
Specialty
Hematology and oncology
Usual onset
~40 years old[2]
Causes
Uncontrolled proliferation of promyelocytes[2]
Frequency
Develops in about 600 to 800 people per year (United States)[2]
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML, APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a cancer of the white blood cells.[3] In APL, there is an abnormal accumulation of immature granulocytes called promyelocytes. The disease is characterized by a chromosomal translocation involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene and is distinguished from other forms of AML by its responsiveness to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA; also known as tretinoin) therapy. Acute promyelocytic leukemia was first characterized in 1957[4][5] by French and Norwegian physicians as a hyperacute fatal illness,[3] with a median survival time of less than a week.[6] Today, prognoses have drastically improved; 10-year survival rates are estimated to be approximately 80-90% according to one study.[7][6][8]
^Image by Mikael Häggström, MD. Reference for findings: Syed Zaidi, M.D. "APL with PML-RARA". APL with PML-RARA. Last author update: 1 February 2013 Source image: File:Faggot cell in AML-M3.jpg from PEIR Digital Library (Pathology image database) Archived 2009-03-01 at the Wayback Machine (Public Domain)
^ abc"Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia". National Organization for Rare Disorders. Retrieved March 9, 2023.
^ abCite error: The named reference MSR was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Tallman MS, Altman JK (2008). "Curative strategies in acute promyelocytic leukemia". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2008: 391–9. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2008.1.391. PMID 19074116.
^ abCoombs, C. C.; Tavakkoli, M.; Tallman, M. S. (2015-04-17). "Acute promyelocytic leukemia: where did we start, where are we now, and the future". Blood Cancer Journal. 5 (4): e304. doi:10.1038/bcj.2015.25. PMC 4450325. PMID 25885425.
^Cite error: The named reference Blood2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^C C, Coombs (17 April 2015). "Acute promyelocytic leukemia: where did we start, where are we now, and the future". Blood Cancer Journal. 5 (4): 304. doi:10.1038/bcj.2015.25. PMC 4450325. PMID 25885425.
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