Ewing sarcoma is a type of pediatric cancer[5] that forms in bone or soft tissue.[1] Symptoms may include swelling and pain at the site of the tumor, fever, and a bone fracture.[2] The most common areas where it begins are the legs, pelvis, and chest wall.[4] In about 25% of cases, the cancer has already spread to other parts of the body at the time of diagnosis.[4] Complications may include a pleural effusion or paraplegia.[3]
It is a type of small round cell sarcoma.[1] The cause of Ewing sarcoma is unknown, most cases appearing to occur randomly.[3] Though not strongly associated with known hereditary cancer syndromes, accumulating evidence suggests a strong inherited risk factor,[6] identifying a genetic component having multiple chromosome loci associated with Ewing sarcoma susceptibility.[5] Sometimes Ewing sarcoma is associated with a germline mutation.[1] The underlying mechanism often involves a genetic change known as a reciprocal translocation.[4] Diagnosis is based on biopsy of the tumor.[2]
Treatment often includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and stem cell transplant.[7][2] Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are being studied.[2] Five-year survival is about 70%.[4] A number of factors, however, affect this estimate.[4]
In 1920, James Ewing discerned that these tumors are a distinct type of cancer.[8][9] It affects approximately one in a million people per year in the United States.[4] Ewing sarcoma occurs most often in teenagers and young adults and represents 2% of childhood cancers.[2][3] Caucasians are affected more often than African Americans or Asians, while males are affected more often than females.[10][4]
^ abcdWHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, ed. (2020). "2. Undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma of bone and soft tissue: Ewing sarcoma". Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours. Vol. 3 (5th ed.). Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer. pp. 323–325. ISBN 978-92-832-4503-2.
^ abcdefghi"Ewing Sarcoma Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
^ abcdefg"Ewing Sarcoma". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
^ abcdefghij"Ewing Sarcoma Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
^ abMachiela MJ, Grünewald TG, Surdez D, Reynaud S, Mirabeau O, Karlins E, Rubio RA, Zaidi S, Grossetete-Lalami S, Ballet S, Lapouble E, Laurence V, Michon J, Pierron G, Kovar H, Gaspar N, Kontny U, González-Neira A, Picci P, Alonso J, Patino-Garcia A, Corradini N, Bérard PM, Freedman ND, Rothman N, Dagnall CL, Burdett L, Jones K, Manning M, Wyatt K, Zhou W, Yeager M, Cox DG, Hoover RN, Khan J, Armstrong GT, Leisenring WM, Bhatia S, Robison LL, Kulozik AE, Kriebel J, Meitinger T, Metzler M, Hartmann W, Strauch K, Kirchner T, Dirksen U, Morton LM, Mirabello L, Tucker MA, Tirode F, Chanock SJ, Delattre O (August 9, 2018). Scaplehorn N (ed.). "Genome-wide association study identifies multiple new loci associated with Ewing sarcoma susceptibility". Nature Communications. 9 (1:3184). Nature Portfolio: 3184. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.3184M. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05537-2. PMC 6085378. PMID 30093639.
^"Primary Bone Cancer". www.cancer.gov. National Cancer Institute. 6 December 2018. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
^Brown JM, Rakoczy K, Tokson JH, Jones KB, Groundland JS (2022-01-01). "Ewing sarcoma of the pelvis: Clinical features and overall survival". Cancer Treatment and Research Communications. 33: 100634. doi:10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100634. ISSN 2468-2942. PMID 36126512. S2CID 252266945.
^"Ewing's sarcoma". Whonamedit. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
^Ewing J (September 2006). "The Classic: Diffuse endothelioma of bone. Proceedings of the New York Pathological Society. 1921;12:17". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 450: 25–7. doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000229311.36007.c7. PMID 16951641.
^Brown JM, Rakoczy K, Tokson JH, Jones KB, Groundland JS (2022-01-01). "Ewing sarcoma of the pelvis: Clinical features and overall survival". Cancer Treatment and Research Communications. 33: 100634. doi:10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100634. ISSN 2468-2942. PMID 36126512. S2CID 252266945.
Ewingsarcoma is a type of pediatric cancer that forms in bone or soft tissue. Symptoms may include swelling and pain at the site of the tumor, fever...
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contains red or yellow marrow. In diaphysis, primary ossification occurs. Ewingsarcoma tends to occur at the diaphysis. Long bone Epiphysis Metaphysis OED...
amounts of pain. The disease is more commonly called canker sores. Ewingsarcoma is a cancerous tumor in the bones or soft tissues, such as cartilage...
USA Ewing'ssarcoma, a type of bone cancer Ewing Theory Ewing v. California, a U.S. Supreme Court case upholding the use of three strikes laws Ewing v....
Through her regular use of social media, she divulged information about Ewingsarcoma, the type of cancer she was suffering from, to a wider audience, and...
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further away from the epicenter. Economically Weaker Section, in India Ewingsarcoma breakpoint region 1, a protein EWS Arena, in Göppingen, Germany Exchange...
antitumor chemotherapy medication for the treatment of advanced soft-tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer. The most common adverse reactions include nausea, fatigue...
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are: 1) the EWSR1 protein encoded by the EWSR1 gene (also termed the Ewingsarcoma RNA binding protein, EWS RNA binding protein 1, or bK984G1.4 gene) located...
[citation needed] The main causes for this sign are osteosarcoma, Ewing'ssarcoma, eumycetoma, and a subperiosteal abscess. "Codman's triangle - General...
now thought to be virtually identical to Ewingsarcoma: "Current evidence indicates that both Ewing'ssarcoma and PNET have a similar neural phenotype...
Malignant primary bone tumors, known as bone sarcomas, include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewingsarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and other types. While malignant...
types of cancers can cause it such as rhabdomyosarcoma, extrosseal Ewingsarcoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, congenital leukaemia and neuroblastoma...
irradiation has been explored as a treatment modality for high-risk Ewingsarcoma. However, subsequent findings suggest that TBI in this setting causes...
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