One of the two identical DNA molecules making up a duplicated chromosome
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In the diagram, (1) refers to a chromatid: 1-half of two identical threadlike strands of a replicated chromosome. During cell division, the identical copies (called a "sister chromatid pair") are joined at the region called the centromere (2). Once the paired sister chromatids have separated from one another (in the anaphase of mitosis) each is known as a daughter chromosome. The short arm of the right chromatid (3), and the long arm of the right chromatid (4), are also marked.Schematic karyogram of the human chromosomes, showing their usual state in the G0 and G1 phase of the cell cycle. At top center it also shows the chromosome 3 pair in metaphase (annotated as "Meta."), which takes place after having undergone DNA synthesis which occurs in the S phase (annotated as S) of the cell cycle. During metaphase, each chromosome is duplicated into sister chromatids.
Further information: Karyotype
A chromatid (Greek khrōmat- 'color' + -id) is one half of a duplicated chromosome. Before replication, one chromosome is composed of one DNA molecule. In replication, the DNA molecule is copied, and the two molecules are known as chromatids.[1] During the later stages of cell division these chromatids separate longitudinally to become individual chromosomes.[2]
Chromatid pairs are normally genetically identical, and said to be homozygous. However, if mutations occur, they will present slight differences, in which case they are heterozygous. The pairing of chromatids should not be confused with the ploidy of an organism, which is the number of homologous versions of a chromosome.
^"What is a Chromatid?". About.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
^"Definition of CHROMATID". www.Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
known as chromatids. During the later stages of cell division these chromatids separate longitudinally to become individual chromosomes. Chromatid pairs...
A sister chromatid refers to the identical copies (chromatids) formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common...
Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is the exchange of genetic material between two identical sister chromatids. It was first discovered by using the Giemsa...
Cohesin is a protein complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion, homologous recombination, and DNA looping. Cohesin is formed of SMC3, SMC1, SCC1...
Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes...
so that it consists of two identical sister chromatids, which remain held together through sister chromatid cohesion. This S-phase can be referred to as...
includes excessive crossovers between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). The condition was discovered and first described by...
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division (mitosis/meiosis). There are three...
links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division. This constricted region of chromosome connects the sister chromatids, creating a short arm...
of the cell. Each chromatid has its own kinetochore, and all of the microtubules that are bound to kinetochores of sister chromatids radiate from opposite...
sister chromatids that developed during replication in the S phase of interphase) align themselves on the metaphase plate. Then, the sister chromatids split...
associated with duplicated chromatids in eukaryotic cells where the spindle fibers attach during cell division to pull sister chromatids apart. The kinetochore...
Sister chromatid cohesion refers to the process by which sister chromatids are paired and held together during certain phases of the cell cycle. Establishment...
The microtubules then contract to pull the sister chromatids of each chromosome apart. Sister chromatids at this point are called daughter chromosomes. As...
one dicentric chromatid and one acentric chromatid. During Anaphase, both recombinants are faced with problems. The acentric chromatid is pulled to one...
centromere is located distally. The joined copies are now called sister chromatids. During metaphase, the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome...
replicated chromosomes are split and the newly-copied chromosomes (daughter chromatids) are moved to opposite poles of the cell. Chromosomes also reach their...
originate from the same organism, they are different from sister chromatids. Sister chromatids result after DNA replication has occurred, and thus are identical...
Sister chromatid cohesion protein DCC1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DSCC1 gene. DCC1 has been shown to interact with CHTF18. GRCh38:...
bundle of microtubules and is under balanced bipolar tension. Sister chromatids require active separase to hydrolyze the cohesin that bind them together...
during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes. It is one of the final phases...
of two homologous chromosomes. When the non-sister chromatids intertwine, segments of chromatids with similar sequence may break apart and be exchanged...
of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during...
structure that forms between homologous chromosomes (two pairs of sister chromatids) during meiosis and is thought to mediate synapsis and recombination during...
compact and small complex called a chromatid. The complexes containing the duplicated DNA molecules, the sister chromatids, are attached to each other by...
cells affected by a genotoxic substance are chromatid and chromosome gaps, chromosome breaks, chromatid deletions, fragmentation, translocation, complex...
recombination between non-sister homologous chromatids is only about 1% of that between sister chromatids. The discovery of mitotic recombination came...
hydrolysing cohesin, which is the protein responsible for binding sister chromatids during the early stage of anaphase. In humans, separin is encoded by the...
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