Chromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. This segregation process occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. Chromosome segregation also occurs in prokaryotes. However, in contrast to eukaryotic chromosome segregation, replication and segregation are not temporally separated. Instead segregation occurs progressively following replication.[1]
^Nielsen, H. J.; Youngren, B.; Hansen, F. G.; Austin, S. (2007-12-01). "Dynamics of Escherichia coli Chromosome Segregation during Multifork Replication". Journal of Bacteriology. 189 (23): 8660–8666. doi:10.1128/JB.01212-07. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 2168957. PMID 17905986.
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Chromosomesegregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes...
is split off from another taxon Chromosomesegregation, the process that occurs during cell division whereby chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite...
reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosomesegregation. Chromosomal recombination during meiosis and subsequent sexual reproduction...
mosaicism for chromosome 21 aneuploidy (average of 4% of neurons analyzed). This low-level aneuploidy appears to arise from chromosomalsegregation defects...
organisms. Homologous chromosomes are important in the processes of meiosis and mitosis. They allow for the recombination and random segregation of genetic material...
A chromosomal abnormality, chromosomal anomaly, chromosomal aberration, chromosomal mutation, or chromosomal disorder is a missing, extra, or irregular...
of the duplicated chromosomes (anaphase) until each chromosome is properly attached to the spindle. To achieve proper segregation, the two kinetochores...
daughter cells. The kinetochore is therefore essential for the chromosomesegregation that is classically associated with mitosis and meiosis. The kinetochore...
actual events of chromosomesegregation – i.e. binding microtubules and signaling to the cell cycle machinery when all chromosomes have adopted correct...
2005). Segregation of homologous chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell occurs during the first division of meiosis. Proper segregation is essential...
that governs proper chromosomesegregation in eukaryotic cells. SAC inhibits progression into anaphase until all homologous chromosomes (bivalents, or tetrads)...
translocations may create gametes with unbalanced chromosome translocations during meiotic chromosomalsegregation. This can lead to infertility, miscarriages...
Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister...
broadly conserved molecular mechanism for plasmid partitioning and chromosomesegregation in bacteria. Originally identified as a genetic element required...
reach their overall maximum condensation in late anaphase, to help chromosomesegregation and the re-formation of the nucleus. Anaphase starts when the anaphase...
tension forces, aligning chromosomes at the cell equator and poising them for segregation to daughter cells. Once every chromosome is bi-oriented, anaphase...
faithful chromosomesegregation. Cells must separate their chromosomes precisely, an event that relies on the bi-oriented attachment of chromosomes to spindle...
homologous chromosomes and hence enables accurate segregation of the chromosomes at the first meiotic division. The paired and replicated chromosomes are called...
proper chromosomesegregation in meiosis. Defects in synapsis, recombination, or crossover regulation can lead to aneuploidy and chromosomal abnormalities...
error-free chromosomesegregation during anaphase. Prometaphase follows prophase and precedes metaphase. In metaphase, the centromeres of the chromosomes align...
controversial. When Mendel's theories were integrated with the Boveri–Sutton chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1915, they became the core...
progeny. In translocation heterozygote, however, certain patterns of chromosomesegregation during meiosis produce genetically unbalanced gametes that at fertilization...
planting. Since chromosomesegregation is driven by microtubules, colchicine alters cellular division by inhibiting chromosomesegregation during mitosis;...
1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLH1 gene located on chromosome 3. The gene is commonly associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal...
are large protein complexes that play a central role in chromosome assembly and segregation during mitosis and meiosis (Figure 1). Their subunits were...
non-standard mechanism could be in place for chromosome attachment to microtubules for chromosomesegregation. Carpediemonas is the first known eukaryote...
usually provide. One segregation strategy is to create a centromere-centromere interaction between achiasmate homologous chromosomes. Residual proteins...
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