Global InformationBiphenotypic acute leukaemia information
| Biphenotypic acute leukemia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Acute biphenotypic leukemia |
| Specialty | Oncology  |
| Symptoms | Lymphadenopathy, anemia |
| Causes | virus, hereditary |
| Diagnostic method | Bone marrow examination |
| Treatment | Chemotherapy, stem cell therapy |
Biphenotypic acute leukaemia (BAL) is an uncommon type of leukemia which arises in multipotent progenitor cells which have the ability to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid lineages.[1][2][3] It is a subtype of "leukemia of ambiguous lineage".[4]
The direct reasons leading to BAL are still not clear. BAL can be de novo or secondary to previous cytotoxic therapy. Many factors, such viruses, hereditary factors, and radiation, might have a relationship with BAL.
BAL is hard to treat. Usually the chemotherapy is chosen according to the morphology of the blast (ALL or AML). A blood-forming stem-cell transplantation is highly recommended. About 5% of acute leukaemia cases are BAL. BAL can occur in all ages of people but occurs more in adults than in children.[5]
- ^ Matutes, E; Morilla R (1997). "Definition of acute biphenotypic leukemia". Haematologica. 82. 1 (1): 64–6. PMID 9107085.
- ^ Matutes E, Morilla R, Farahat N, et al. (1997). "Definition of acute biphenotypic leukemia". Haematologica. 82 (1): 64–6. PMID 9107085.
- ^ Han X, Bueso-Ramos CE (April 2007). "Precursor T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma and acute biphenotypic leukemias". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 127 (4): 528–44. doi:10.1309/2QE3A6EKQ8UYDYRC. PMID 17369128.
- ^ Frater JL, Yaseen NR, Peterson LC, Tallman MS, Goolsby CL (March 2003). "Biphenotypic acute leukemia with coexpression of CD79a and markers of myeloid lineage". Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 127 (3): 356–359. doi:10.5858/2003-127-0356-BALWCO. PMID 12653584.
- ^ Legrand, O; Perrot JY; Simonin G; et al. (1998). "Adult biphenotypic acute leukaemia: an entity with poor prognosis which is related to unfavourable cytogenetics and P-glycoprotein over-expression". Br. J. Haematol. 100 (1): 147–55. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00523.x. PMID 9450804. S2CID 24518395.