In chemistry, a superacid (according to the original definition) is an acid with an acidity greater than that of 100% pure sulfuric acid (H2SO4),[1] which has a Hammett acidity function (H0) of −12. According to the modern definition, a superacid is a medium in which the chemical potential of the proton is higher than in pure sulfuric acid.[2] Commercially available superacids include trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H), also known as triflic acid, and fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F), both of which are about a thousand times stronger (i.e. have more negative H0 values) than sulfuric acid. Most strong superacids are prepared by the combination of a strong Lewis acid and a strong Brønsted acid. A strong superacid of this kind is fluoroantimonic acid. Another group of superacids, the carborane acid group, contains some of the strongest known acids. Finally, when treated with anhydrous acid, zeolites (microporous aluminosilicate minerals) will contain superacidic sites within their pores. These materials are used on massive scale by the petrochemical industry in the upgrading of hydrocarbons to make fuels.[citation needed]
^Hall NF, Conant JB (1927). "A Study of Superacid Solutions". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 49 (12): 3062–70. doi:10.1021/ja01411a010.
^Himmel D, Goll SK, Leito I, Krossing I (2010). "A Unified pH Scale for All Phases". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49 (38): 6885–6888. doi:10.1002/anie.201000252. PMID 20715223.
In chemistry, a superacid (according to the original definition) is an acid with an acidity greater than that of 100% pure sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which...
and anions (the simplest being H 2F+ and Sb F− 6). This mixture is a superacid that, in terms of corrosiveness, is trillions of times stronger than pure...
protonating medium than 100% sulfuric acid and thus, by definition, a superacid. (To prevent ambiguity, in the rest of this article, "strong acid" will...
acids H(CXB 11Y 5Z 6) (X, Y, Z = H, Alk, F, Cl, Br, CF3) are a class of superacids, some of which are estimated to be at least one million times stronger...
Magic acid (FSO3H·SbF5) is a superacid consisting of a mixture, most commonly in a 1:1 molar ratio, of fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F) and antimony pentafluoride...
challenges in all applications due to the loss of water above 100 °C. It is a superacid catalyst. The combination of fluorinated backbone, sulfonic acid groups...
colourless, viscous liquid is a strong Lewis acid and a component of the superacid fluoroantimonic acid, formed upon mixing liquid HF with liquid SbF5 in...
His research involved the generation and reactivity of carbocations via superacids. For this research, Olah was awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1994...
that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids. It was proposed by the physical organic chemist Louis Plack Hammett and...
monomer in liquid phase was achieved in a nonaqueous, low nucleophilicity superacid solution (HF−SbF5SO2). The ion was characterized by high resolution 17O...
boron for boron neutron capture therapy. The compound H(CHB11Cl11) is a superacid, forming an isolable salt with protonated benzene cation, [C6H7]+ (benzenium...
CF3SO2. Abbreviated Tf2O, triflic anhydride is the acid anhydride of the superacid triflic acid, CF3SO2OH. Triflic anhydride is prepared by dehydration of...
probably the strongest base according to quantum-chemical calculations. Superacid Phosphazene Puleo, Thomas R.; Sujansky, Stephen J.; Wright, Shawn E.;...
(HNO3); these are also known as bench acids. Mineral acids range from superacids (such as perchloric acid) to very weak ones (such as boric acid). Mineral...
HF is also widely used in the petrochemical industry as a component of superacids. Due to strong and extensive hydrogen bonding, it boils at near room temperature...
acidic plastic that is filterable. Superacids are acids stronger than 100% sulfuric acid. Examples of superacids are fluoroantimonic acid, magic acid...
polyatomic ion; this comes from the fact that triflic acid (CF3SO3H) is a superacid; i.e. it is more acidic than pure sulfuric acid, already one of the strongest...
atoms and one dihydrogen molecule), bearing a +1 electric charge. It is a superacid and one of the onium ions, indeed the simplest carbonium ion. It is highly...
oxidants. Pure H[BF4] has not been described. The same holds true for the superacids that are known by the simplified formulas H[PF6] and H[SbF6]. However...
PMID 15186185. Yadav, G. D.; Lande, S. V., UDCaT-5: A Novel and Efficient Solid Superacid Catalyst for Claisen Rearrangement of Substituted Allyl Phenyl Ethers...
esterification and dehydration of alcohols. When allowed to react with superacids, sulfuric acid can act as a base and can be protonated, forming the [H3SO4]+...
SbCl 5 is monomeric. SbF 5 is a powerful Lewis acid used to make the superacid fluoroantimonic acid ("H2SbF7"). Oxyhalides are more common for antimony...
"Biodiesel production from high acid value waste frying oil catalyzed by superacid heteropolyacid". Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 101 (1): 93–100. doi:10...
Additionally it is a useful component in etching of chrome. Perchloric acid, a superacid, is one of the strongest Brønsted–Lowry acids. That its pKa is lower than...
containers. It is used in containers for storing fluoroantimonic acid, a superacid. PTFE tubes are used in gas-gas heat exchangers in gas cleaning of waste...
be halogenated to form reactive structures including carborane acid, a superacid. As one example, carboranes form useful molecular moieties that add considerable...
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