A general acyl group (blue) in a ketone (top left), as an acylium cation (top centre), as an acyl radical (top right), an aldehyde (bottom left), ester (bottom centre) or amide (bottom right). (R1, R2 and R3 stands for organyl substituent or hydrogen in the case of R1)
In chemistry, an acyl group is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid,[1] including inorganic acids. It contains a double-bonded oxygen atom and an organyl group (R−C=O) or hydrogen in the case of formyl group (H−C=O). In organic chemistry, the acyl group (IUPAC name alkanoyl if the organyl group is alkyl) is usually derived from a carboxylic acid, in which case it has the formula R−C(=O)−, where R represents an organyl group or hydrogen. Although the term is almost always applied to organic compounds, acyl groups can in principle be derived from other types of acids such as sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids. In the most common arrangement, acyl groups are attached to a larger molecular fragment, in which case the carbon and oxygen atoms are linked by a double bond.
^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "Acyl groups". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00123
In chemistry, an acylgroup is a moiety derived by the removal of one or more hydroxyl groups from an oxoacid, including inorganic acids. It contains a...
an acyl halide (also known as an acid halide) is a chemical compound derived from an oxoacid by replacing a hydroxyl group (−OH) with a halide group (−X...
In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound with the functional group −C(=O)Cl. Their formula is usually written...
The acetyl group contains a methyl group (−CH3) single-bonded to a carbonyl (C=O), making it an acylgroup. The carbonyl center of an acyl radical has...
of chemical reactions in which an acylgroup (R−C=O) is added to a substrate. The compound providing the acylgroup is called the acylating agent. The...
an acylgroup carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acylgroup is also...
acid is called lactate (or the lactate anion). The name of the derived acylgroup is lactoyl. In solution, it can ionize by a loss of a proton to produce...
also an organic compound. An acid anhydride is a compound that has two acylgroups bonded to the same oxygen atom. A common type of organic acid anhydride...
formation of acyl carnitines by catalyzing the transfer of the acylgroup of a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA from coenzyme A to l-carnitine. The product is often...
known as 4'-phosphopantetheine, is a prosthetic group of several acyl carrier proteins including the acyl carrier proteins (ACP) of fatty acid synthases...
organic chemistry, an acyl cyanide is a functional group with the formula R−C(O)CN and structure R−C(=O)−C≡N. It consists of an acylgroup (R−C=O) attached...
plasmenyls with an ester (acylgroup) linked lipid at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone, chemically designated 1-0(1Z-alkenyl)-2-acyl-glycerophospholipids...
is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure R−CH=O. The functional group itself (without the "R" side chain) can be referred...
commonly referred to as myristates or tetradecanoates. The name of the acylgroup derived from myristic acid is myristoyl or tetradecanoyl. The acid is...
a key role in importing acyl-CoA into mitochondria; the acyl-group of the acyl-CoA is transferred to carnitine, and the acyl-carnitine is imported through...
nucleophile – such as an alcohol, amine, or enolate – displaces the leaving group of an acyl derivative – such as an acid halide, anhydride, or ester. The resulting...
functional group with the formula −COC6H5 and structure −C(=O)−C6H5. It can be viewed as benzaldehyde missing one hydrogen. The benzoyl group has a mass...
thiol group of a cytosolic coenzyme A attacks the acyl-adenylate, displacing AMP to form thioester fatty acyl-CoA. In the second reaction, acyl-CoA is...
also important to Acyl'sgroup, which from 1978 became bigger and steadier than the other insurgent factions. In the same year Acyl supported Libya's...
aryl ketone by catalysis of Lewis acids. It involves migration of an acylgroup of phenol ester to the aryl ring. The reaction is ortho and para selective...
sulfonic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group, similarly to acylgroups.: 1470–1476 Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula...
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