Measure of acidity used for extremely acidic solutions
Acids and bases
Acceptor number
Acid
Acid–base reaction
Acid–base homeostasis
Acid strength
Acidity function
Amphoterism
Base
Buffer solutions
Dissociation constant
Donor number
Equilibrium chemistry
Extraction
Hammett acidity function
pH
Proton affinity
Self-ionization of water
Titration
Lewis acid catalysis
Frustrated Lewis pair
Chiral Lewis acid
ECW model
Acid types
Brønsted–Lowry
Lewis
Mineral
Organic
Oxide
Strong
Superacids
Weak
Solid
Base types
Brønsted–Lowry
Lewis
Organic
Oxide
Strong
Superbases
Non-nucleophilic
Weak
v
t
e
The Hammett acidity function (H0) is a measure of acidity that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids. It was proposed by the physical organic chemist Louis Plack Hammett[1][2] and is the best-known acidity function used to extend the measure of Brønsted–Lowry acidity beyond the dilute aqueous solutions for which the pH scale is useful.
In highly concentrated solutions, simple approximations such as the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation are no longer valid due to the variations of the activity coefficients. The Hammett acidity function is used in fields such as physical organic chemistry for the study of acid-catalyzed reactions, because some of these reactions use acids in very high concentrations, or even neat (pure).[3]
^L. P. Hammett and A. J. Deyrup (1932) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 2721
^L. P. Hammett (1940). Physical Organic Chemistry. (McGraw-Hill)
^Gerrylynn K. Roberts, Colin Archibald Russell. Chemical History: Reviews of the Recent Literature. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005. ISBN 0-85404-464-7.
and 24 Related for: Hammett acidity function information
The Hammettacidityfunction (H0) is a measure of acidity that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids. It was proposed...
definition) is an acid with an acidity greater than that of 100% pure sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which has a Hammettacidityfunction (H0) of −12. According to...
of times stronger than pure sulfuric acid when measured by its Hammettacidityfunction. It even protonates some hydrocarbons to afford pentacoordinate...
formation of other polymeric species, H n−1F− n, is highly likely. The Hammettacidityfunction, H0, for 100% HF was first reported as -10.2, while later compilations...
times stronger than 100% pure sulfuric acid in terms of their Hammettacidityfunction values (H0 ≤ –18) and possess computed pKa values well below –20...
convenient acidityfunction. Other acidityfunctions have been proposed for non-aqueous media, the most notable being the Hammettacidityfunction, H0, for...
solute (most commonly a weak aniline base) is measured by its Hammettacidityfunction, the H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} value. Although these two concepts...
of a scheme for comparing their acidities based on what is now known as the Hammettacidityfunction. The Curtin–Hammett principle bears his name. The awards...
halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually or spectroscopically...
emphasize the kinetic aspect of reactivity, while the Lewis basicity and Lewis acidity emphasize the thermodynamic aspect of Lewis adduct formation. In many cases...
the Hammettacidityfunction. For instance, sulfuric acid, H2SO4, has a Hammettacidityfunction, H0, of −12, perchloric acid, HClO4, has a Hammett acidity...
acidic solution (and the generation of carbonic acid) when dissolved. The acidity of an oxide can be reasonably assumed by its accompanying constituents...
HBr Perchloric acid HClO4 Hydroiodic acid HI Boyd, Claude E. (2020). "Acidity". Water Quality: 215–231. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23335-8_11. ISBN 978-3-030-23334-1...
Dashiell HammettHammett Prize Hammett, Georgia, a community in the United States HammettacidityfunctionHammett equation, based on the Hammett substituent...
in rail transport modelling Higgs boson, in physics, symbol H0 Hammettacidityfunction, in chemistry, H0 Hubble constant, in cosmology, H0 Null hypothesis...
strict definition refers only to the solute. A lower pH means a higher acidity, and thus a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution...
properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing...
as a weak base, reacting with Lewis acids to give superacids. A Hammettacidityfunction (H0) of −21 is obtained with antimony pentafluoride (SbF5), forming...
affinities illustrate the role of hydration in aqueous-phase Brønsted acidity. Hydrofluoric acid is a weak acid in aqueous solution (pKa = 3.15) but...
K'_{n}}}\end{aligned}}} For the derivation of the general binding equation a saturation function r {\displaystyle r} is defined as the quotient from the portion of bound...
709–729. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(58)90376-0. Guide to Weak Bases from Georgetown course notes Article on Acidity of Solutions of Weak Bases from Intute...