Global Information Lookup Global Information

Hammett acidity function information


The Hammett acidity function (H0) is a measure of acidity that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids. It was proposed by the physical organic chemist Louis Plack Hammett[1][2] and is the best-known acidity function used to extend the measure of Brønsted–Lowry acidity beyond the dilute aqueous solutions for which the pH scale is useful.

In highly concentrated solutions, simple approximations such as the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation are no longer valid due to the variations of the activity coefficients. The Hammett acidity function is used in fields such as physical organic chemistry for the study of acid-catalyzed reactions, because some of these reactions use acids in very high concentrations, or even neat (pure).[3]

  1. ^ L. P. Hammett and A. J. Deyrup (1932) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 54, 2721
  2. ^ L. P. Hammett (1940). Physical Organic Chemistry. (McGraw-Hill)
  3. ^ Gerrylynn K. Roberts, Colin Archibald Russell. Chemical History: Reviews of the Recent Literature. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2005. ISBN 0-85404-464-7.

and 24 Related for: Hammett acidity function information

Request time (Page generated in 0.8553 seconds.)

Hammett acidity function

Last Update:

The Hammett acidity function (H0) is a measure of acidity that is used for very concentrated solutions of strong acids, including superacids. It was proposed...

Word Count : 873

Acidity function

Last Update:

notably the Hammett acidity function, H0, for superacid media and its modified version H− for superbasic media. The term acidity function is also used...

Word Count : 570

Superacid

Last Update:

definition) is an acid with an acidity greater than that of 100% pure sulfuric acid (H2SO4), which has a Hammett acidity function (H0) of −12. According to...

Word Count : 1423

Fluoroantimonic acid

Last Update:

of times stronger than pure sulfuric acid when measured by its Hammett acidity function. It even protonates some hydro­carbons to afford pentacoordinate...

Word Count : 1505

Hydrofluoric acid

Last Update:

formation of other polymeric species, H n−1F− n, is highly likely. The Hammett acidity function, H0, for 100% HF was first reported as -10.2, while later compilations...

Word Count : 2091

Carborane acid

Last Update:

times stronger than 100% pure sulfuric acid in terms of their Hammett acidity function values (H0 ≤ –18) and possess computed pKa values well below –20...

Word Count : 2584

Acid dissociation constant

Last Update:

convenient acidity function. Other acidity functions have been proposed for non-aqueous media, the most notable being the Hammett acidity function, H0, for...

Word Count : 11513

Acid strength

Last Update:

solute (most commonly a weak aniline base) is measured by its Hammett acidity function, the H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} value. Although these two concepts...

Word Count : 2564

Louis Plack Hammett

Last Update:

of a scheme for comparing their acidities based on what is now known as the Hammett acidity function. The Curtin–Hammett principle bears his name. The awards...

Word Count : 227

PH indicator

Last Update:

halochromic chemical compound added in small amounts to a solution so the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually or spectroscopically...

Word Count : 1670

Lewis acids and bases

Last Update:

emphasize the kinetic aspect of reactivity, while the Lewis basicity and Lewis acidity emphasize the thermodynamic aspect of Lewis adduct formation. In many cases...

Word Count : 2761

Magic acid

Last Update:

the Hammett acidity function. For instance, sulfuric acid, H2SO4, has a Hammett acidity function, H0, of −12, perchloric acid, HClO4, has a Hammett acidity...

Word Count : 1711

Acidic oxide

Last Update:

acidic solution (and the generation of carbonic acid) when dissolved. The acidity of an oxide can be reasonably assumed by its accompanying constituents...

Word Count : 580

Mineral acid

Last Update:

HBr Perchloric acid HClO4 Hydroiodic acid HI Boyd, Claude E. (2020). "Acidity". Water Quality: 215–231. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23335-8_11. ISBN 978-3-030-23334-1...

Word Count : 238

PH

Last Update:

pH is an example of an acidity function, but there are others that can be defined. For example, the Hammett acidity function, H0, has been developed...

Word Count : 6439

Hammett

Last Update:

Dashiell Hammett Hammett Prize Hammett, Georgia, a community in the United States Hammett acidity function Hammett equation, based on the Hammett substituent...

Word Count : 197

H0

Last Update:

in rail transport modelling Higgs boson, in physics, symbol H0 Hammett acidity function, in chemistry, H0 Hubble constant, in cosmology, H0 Null hypothesis...

Word Count : 102

Acid

Last Update:

strict definition refers only to the solute. A lower pH means a higher acidity, and thus a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution...

Word Count : 5955

Organic acid

Last Update:

properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing...

Word Count : 985

Hydrogen fluoride

Last Update:

as a weak base, reacting with Lewis acids to give superacids. A Hammett acidity function (H0) of −21 is obtained with antimony pentafluoride (SbF5), forming...

Word Count : 1365

Proton affinity

Last Update:

affinities illustrate the role of hydration in aqueous-phase Brønsted acidity. Hydrofluoric acid is a weak acid in aqueous solution (pKa = 3.15) but...

Word Count : 1028

Superbase

Last Update:

strength Acidity function Amphoterism Base Buffer solutions Dissociation constant Donor number Equilibrium chemistry Extraction Hammett acidity function pH...

Word Count : 1181

Dissociation constant

Last Update:

K'_{n}}}\end{aligned}}} For the derivation of the general binding equation a saturation function r {\displaystyle r} is defined as the quotient from the portion of bound...

Word Count : 3119

Weak base

Last Update:

709–729. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(58)90376-0. Guide to Weak Bases from Georgetown course notes Article on Acidity of Solutions of Weak Bases from Intute...

Word Count : 1217

PDF Search Engine © AllGlobal.net