Spinor condensates are degenerate Bose gases that have degrees of freedom arising from the internal spin of the constituent particles [1]
.[2]
They are described by a multi-component (spinor) order parameter.
Since their initial experimental realisation,
a wealth of studies have appeared, both
experimental and theoretical, focusing
on the physical properties of spinor condensates, including their
ground states, non-equilibrium dynamics, and
vortices.
^Stamper-Kurn, Dan M.; Ueda, Masahito (2013). "Spinor Bose gases: Symmetries, magnetism, and quantum dynamics". Reviews of Modern Physics. 85 (3): 1191–1244. Bibcode:2013RvMP...85.1191S. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.85.1191. ISSN 0034-6861.
Spinorcondensates are degenerate Bose gases that have degrees of freedom arising from the internal spin of the constituent particles . They are described...
A fermionic condensate (or Fermi–Dirac condensate) is a superfluid phase formed by fermionic particles at low temperatures. It is closely related to the...
1995. For this achievement, as well as early fundamental studies of condensates, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2001, together with Eric...
only exist under extreme conditions, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and Fermionic condensates (in extreme cold), neutron-degenerate matter (in extreme...
Wieman. Fermionic condensate: Similar to the Bose-Einstein condensate but composed of fermions, also known as Fermi-Dirac condensate. The Pauli exclusion...
by a phase, which thus mixes the real and imaginary parts of the complex spinor into each other, combining to the standard two-component complex representation...
(QED) the electron mass unites left and right handed spinors forming a 4 component Dirac spinor. In the absence of mass and quantum loops, QED would have...
would form a condensate at a low enough temperature, unlike a classical ideal gas. This condensate is known as a Bose–Einstein condensate. Bosons are quantum...
Bose–Einstein condensate. All observed elementary particles are either bosons (with integer spin) or fermions (with odd half-integer spin). Whereas the...
(two component spinor) indices. The mechanism is somewhat analogous to chiral symmetry breaking and is an example of a fermionic condensate. In the superfield...
absolute zero, where matter exhibits quantum effects such as Bose–Einstein condensate, superconductivity and superfluidity. At temperatures near 0 K (−273.15 °C;...
MIT group exposed a Bose–Einstein condensate in a double-well potential to light beams that created an effective spin–orbit coupling. The interference...
condensed matter physics, a spin glass is a magnetic state characterized by randomness, besides cooperative behavior in freezing of spins at a temperature called...
excitons, mesons, superfluid helium, Bose–Einstein condensates, atomic bosons, and fermionic condensates. A composite particle containing an even number...
other; not all Bose–Einstein condensates can be regarded as superfluids, and not all superfluids are Bose–Einstein condensates.[citation needed] Superfluids...
ensembles. Spin squeezing can be enhanced by using cavities. Cold gas experiments have also been carried out with Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC). In this...
foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he was awarded India's second highest...
fermionic condensate wave function (denoted | Ψ | e i ϕ {\displaystyle |\Psi |e^{i\phi }} ), vortices carry quantized magnetic fields because the condensate wave...
the gauge covariant derivative, ψ {\displaystyle \psi } is the fermion spinor, m {\displaystyle m} is the fermion mass and γ 0 , γ 1 {\displaystyle \gamma...
the container then solid condensate with irregular impurity distribution is forming. Then most pure part of the condensate may be extracted as product...
condensing into a Bose–Einstein condensate, although weakly-interacting Fermi gases might form a Cooper pair and condensate (also known as BCS-BEC crossover...
such as photons produced by a laser, or atoms found in a Bose–Einstein condensate. A more rigorous statement is: under the exchange of two identical particles...
used to excite spin waves and create additional non-equilibrium magnons which thermalize into phonons. At a critical density, a condensate is formed, which...
their spin, unpaired electrons have a magnetic dipole moment and act like tiny magnets. An external magnetic field causes the electrons' spins to align...
non-vanishing condensates such as the gluon condensate and the quark condensate in the complete theory which includes quarks. The presence of these condensates characterizes...
ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on crystal lattices of atoms, the Bose–Einstein condensates found in ultracold atomic systems, and liquid...
the turbine enters a steam condenser where it is cooled to produce hot condensate which is recycled to the heating process to generate more high pressure...
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