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A composite boson is a bound state of fermions such that the combination gives a boson.[1] Examples include Cooper pairs, semiconductor excitons, mesons, superfluid helium, Bose–Einstein condensates, atomic bosons, and fermionic condensates. A composite particle containing an even number of fermions is a boson, since it has integer spin. These composite particle states have a symmetric wave function upon exchange of any pair of particles. The wave function is given by the permanent of single particle states for the non interacting case.
^Monique Combescot and Shiue-Yuan Shiau, "Excitons and Cooper Pairs: Two Composite Bosons in Many-Body Physics", Oxford University Press (ISBN 9780198753735).
A compositeboson is a bound state of fermions such that the combination gives a boson. Examples include Cooper pairs, semiconductor excitons, mesons,...
bosons, such as mesons, are composite particles made up of smaller constituents. Outside the realm of particle physics, multiple identical composite bosons...
of bosons: first, fundamental scalar bosons (the Higgs boson); second, mesons, which are compositebosons, made of quarks; third, larger composite, non-force-carrying...
physics, the W and Z bosons are vector bosons that are together known as the weak bosons or more generally as the intermediate vector bosons. These elementary...
The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation...
spins. Bosons may be either elementary, like photons and gluons, or composite, like mesons. According to the Standard Model, the elementary bosons are:...
Some composite particles are vector bosons, for instance any vector meson (quark and antiquark). During the 1970s and 1980s, intermediate vector bosons (the...
awarded to Peter Higgs and François Englert. Various known composite particles are scalar bosons, e.g. the alpha particle and scalar mesons. The φ4-theory...
particle and condensed matter physics, Goldstone bosons or Nambu–Goldstone bosons (NGBs) are bosons that appear necessarily in models exhibiting spontaneous...
leptons and all composite particles made of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei. Fermions differ from bosons, which obey...
particular, in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, which is a solvable theory of compositebosons that exhibits dynamical spontaneous chiral symmetry when a 4-fermion...
integer-spin, force-carrying bosons. The fermions involved in such exchanges can be either elementary (e.g. electrons or quarks) or composite (e.g. protons or neutrons)...
Fractionalization List of quasiparticles Mean-field theory Pseudoparticle Composite fermion Compositeboson Kaxiras, Efthimios (9 January 2003). Atomic and Electronic...
but the total spin of a Cooper pair is integer (0 or 1) so it is a compositeboson. This means the wave functions are symmetric under particle interchange...
interact. Most force carrying particles like photons or gluons are called bosons and, although they have discrete quanta of energy, do not have rest mass...
In particle physics, composite Higgs models (CHM) are speculative extensions of the Standard Model (SM) where the Higgs boson is a bound state of new strong...
fundamental bosons. Subatomic particles such as protons or neutrons, which contain two or more elementary particles, are known as composite particles....
particles are seen: fermions and bosons. Anyons have statistical properties intermediate between fermions and bosons. In general, the operation of exchanging...
elementary (not composite), then they may combine to produce only a single elementary boson, such as a photon ( γ ), gluon ( g ), Z , or a Higgs boson ( H0 )....
for lepton and quark compositeness has been found. Preons come in four varieties: plus, anti-plus, zero, and anti-zero. W bosons have six preons, and...
proof of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and the Higgs boson (2012) have added further credence to the Standard Model. In addition, the...
the X and Y bosons (sometimes collectively called "X bosons": 437 ) are hypothetical elementary particles analogous to the W and Z bosons, but corresponding...
Higgs boson. The Standard Model, as currently formulated, has 61 elementary particles. Those elementary particles can combine to form composite particles...
Higgs boson was a 40-year effort by physicists to prove the existence or non-existence of the Higgs boson, first theorised in the 1960s. The Higgs boson was...
fractional quantum Hall effect that introduces the "shape" of the "compositeboson", described by a "unimodular" (determinant 1) spatial metric-tensor...
hydrogen atom or the electron and positron in positronium. Excitons are compositebosons since they are formed from two fermions which are electron and hole...
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