CryoEM model of Sindbis virus. EMDB entry EMD-2374[1]
Virus classification
(unranked):
Virus
Realm:
Riboviria
Kingdom:
Orthornavirae
Phylum:
Kitrinoviricota
Class:
Alsuviricetes
Order:
Martellivirales
Family:
Togaviridae
Genus:
Alphavirus
Species:
Sindbis virus
Sindbis virus (SINV) is a member of the Togaviridae family, in the Alphavirus genus. The virus was first isolated in 1952 in Cairo, Egypt.[2] The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes (Culex and Culiseta). SINV is linked to Pogosta disease[3] (Finland), Ockelbo disease (Sweden) and Karelian fever (Russia). In humans, the symptoms include arthralgia, rash and malaise. Sindbis virus is widely and continuously found in insects and vertebrates in Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania. Clinical infection and disease in humans however has almost only been reported from Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden, Russian Karelia), where SINV is endemic and where large outbreaks occur intermittently. Cases are occasionally reported in Australia, China, and South Africa.[4]
SINV is an arbovirus, it is arthropod-borne, and it is maintained in nature by transmission between vertebrate (bird) hosts and invertebrate (mosquito) vectors. Humans are infected with Sindbis virus when bitten by an infected mosquito.
^Cao, S.; Zhang, W. (2013). "Characterization of an early-stage fusion intermediate of Sindbis virus using cryoelectron microscopy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (33): 13362–13367. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11013362C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1301911110. PMC 3746934. PMID 23898184.
^Ling J, Smura T, Lundström JO, Pettersson JH, Sironen T, Vapalahti O, Lundkvist Å, Hesson JC (30 July 2019). "Introduction and Dispersal of Sindbis Virus from Central Africa to Europe". J Virol. 93 (16): e00620-19. doi:10.1128/JVI.00620-19. PMC 6675900. PMID 31142666.
^Kurkela S, Manni T, Vaheri A, Vapalahti O. Causative agent of Pogosta disease isolated from blood and skin lesions, Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. Published 2004 May. (accessed 2007-10-16)
^"Facts about Sindbis fever". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
Sindbisvirus (SINV) is a member of the Togaviridae family, in the Alphavirus genus. The virus was first isolated in 1952 in Cairo, Egypt. The virus is...
encephalitis and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses) and the Sindbisvirus subgroup. Sindbisvirus, geographically restricted to the Old World, is...
Statovirus Family Togaviridae – includes Rubella virus, Ross River virus, Sindbisvirus, Chikungunya virus Family Tombusviridae Family Virgaviridae Unassigned...
Nipah virus is a bat-borne, zoonotic virus that causes Nipah virus infection in humans and other animals, a disease with a very high mortality rate (40-75%)...
Powassan virus (POWV) is a Flavivirus transmitted by ticks, found in North America and in the Russian Far East. It is named after the town of Powassan...
other alphaviruses, an ancestral Sindbisvirus-like virus, and an ancestral Eastern equine encephalitis virus-like virus. There have been under 700 confirmed...
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, and Western equine encephalitis virus. Sindbisvirus has been detected from horseshoe...
Hendra virus (Hendra henipavirus) is a zoonotic virus found solely in Australia. First isolated in 1994, the virus has since been connected to numerous...
more than 250 plant and animal viruses including Tobacco mosaic virus, Semliki forest virus, Hepatitis E virus, Sindbisvirus, and arboviruses (which cause...
Togavirin (EC 3.4.21.90, Sindbisvirus protease, Sindbisvirus core protein, NsP2 proteinase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical...
genus Flavivirus, which also contains the Zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. The virus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, mostly species...
two Marburgviruses: Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV). Its clinical symptoms are very similar to those of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Egyptian fruit...
simiae, or Herpes virus B is the Simplexvirus infecting macaque monkeys. B virus is very similar to HSV-1, and as such, this neurotropic virus is not found...
Ebola, also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and other primates, caused by...
encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional...
Ross River virus (RRV) is a small encapsulated single-strand RNA Alphavirus endemic to Australia, Papua New Guinea and other islands in the South Pacific...
proteins that requires binding with cholesterol. Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and Sindbisvirus (SIN) require cholesterol and sphingolipids in target membrane...
Zika virus (ZIKV; pronounced /ˈziːkə/ or /ˈzɪkə/) is a member of the virus family Flaviviridae. It is spread by daytime-active Aedes mosquitoes, such...
Retrieved 1 April 2013. Kosova, Jonida (2003) "Longevity Studies of SindbisVirus Infected Aedes Albopictus" Archived 2012-04-25 at the Wayback Machine...
tridactylus) and a pool of Ochlerotatus serratus mosquitoes in Brazil. The virus is considered a public health threat in tropical and subtropical areas of...
hantavirus. These include Black Creek Canal virus (BCCV), New York orthohantavirus (NYV), Monongahela virus (MGLV), Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV), and...
viral or bacterial. Viruses that cause polyarthritis include alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus, Sindbisvirus and Ross River virus. Arthritis caused...
Global Information
