Infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus
"JEV" redirects here. For the racing driver, see Jean-Éric Vergne.
Medical condition
Japanese encephalitis
Other names
Japanese B encephalitis
The geographic distribution of Japanese encephalitis (dark green)
Specialty
Infectious disease
Symptoms
Headache, fever, vomiting, confusion, seizures[1]
Usual onset
5 to 15 days after infection[1]
Causes
Japanese encephalitis virus (spread by mosquitoes)
Diagnostic method
Blood or cerebrospinal fluid testing[2]
Prevention
Japanese encephalitis vaccine, avoiding mosquito bites[2]
Treatment
Supportive care[1]
Prognosis
Permanent neurological problems occur in up to half of survivors[2]
Frequency
68,000[2]
Deaths
17,000[2]
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV).[3] While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs.[3] In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and seizures.[1] This occurs about 5 to 15 days after infection.[1]
JEV is generally spread by mosquitoes, specifically those of the Culex type.[2] Pigs and wild birds serve as a reservoir for the virus.[2] The disease occurs mostly outside of cities.[2] Diagnosis is based on blood or cerebrospinal fluid testing.[2]
Prevention is generally achieved with the Japanese encephalitis vaccine, which is both safe and effective.[2] Other measures include avoiding mosquito bites.[2] Once infected, there is no specific treatment, with care being supportive.[1] This is generally carried out in a hospital.[1] Permanent problems occur in up to half of people who recover from JE.[2]
The disease primarily occurs in East and Southeast Asia as well as the Western Pacific.[2] About 3 billion people live in areas where the disease occurs.[2] About 68,000 symptomatic cases occur a year, with about 17,000 deaths.[2] Often, cases occur in outbreaks.[2] The disease was first described in Japan in 1871.[2][4]
^ abcdefg"Symptoms and Treatment". CDC. August 2015. Archived from the original on 17 June 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
^ abcdefghijklmnopq"Japanese encephalitis". World Health Organization. December 2015. Archived from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
^ ab"Japanese Encephalitis". CDC. August 2015. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
^"Japanese encephalitis - Causes". 6 February 2019.
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