Rapid DNA (UK:Rapid DNA profiling) describes the fully automated (hands free) process of developing a CODIS Core STR profile or other STR profile from a reference sample buccal swab. The “swab in – profile out” process consists of automated extraction, amplification, separation, detection and allele calling without human intervention.[1] A machine designed to perform such rapid DNA analysis is called a DNA "magic box" by enforcement authorities.[2]
The FBI established a Rapid DNA Program Office in 2010 to direct the development and integration of Rapid DNA technology for use by law enforcement. The Program Office works with the Department of Defense, the Department of Homeland Security, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Institute of Justice, and other federal agencies to ensure the coordinated development of this new technology among federal agencies. The Program Office also works with state and local law enforcement agencies and state bureaus of identification through the FBI's Criminal Justice Information Services Division Advisory Policy Board to facilitate the effective and efficient integration of Rapid DNA in the police booking environment.
Several manufacturers have developed instruments for Rapid DNA analysis such as IntegenX, now part of Thermo Fisher Scientific based in Waltham, MA, and ANDE based in Waltham, MA. Following commercial availability, the FBI works with federal, state, and local CODIS laboratories and the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods to test, evaluate, and validate the hands-free instruments for law enforcement use. RapidHIT systems include instruments and RapidLINK software which will enable use for law enforcement. As of March 18[3] 2016 one Rapid DNA instrument was approved by the FBI for submission of samples to NDIS/CODIS without manual review: the DNAScan manufactured by NetBio in Waltham, MA. Effective January 1, 2017, the DNAScan lost its approved status as CODIS-participating labs are required to include the 20 CODIS Core Loci.
^"CODIS and NDIS Fact Sheet".
^Murphy, Heather (21 January 2019). "Coming Soon to a Police Station Near You: The DNA 'Magic Box' - With Rapid DNA machines, genetic fingerprinting could become as routine as the old-fashioned kind. But forensic experts see a potential for misuse". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
^"Rapid DNA Analysis". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
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