Method of species identification using a short section of DNA
Not to be confused with the DNA barcode involved in optical mapping of DNA.
DNA barcoding scheme
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DNA barcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNA barcoding is that by comparison with a reference library of such DNA sections (also called "sequences"), an individual sequence can be used to uniquely identify an organism to species, just as a supermarket scanner uses the familiar black stripes of the UPC barcode to identify an item in its stock against its reference database.[1] These "barcodes" are sometimes used in an effort to identify unknown species or parts of an organism, simply to catalog as many taxa as possible, or to compare with traditional taxonomy in an effort to determine species boundaries.[2]
Different gene regions are used to identify the different organismal groups using barcoding. The most commonly used barcode region for animals and some protists is a portion of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI or COX1) gene, found in mitochondrial DNA. Other genes suitable for DNA barcoding are the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA often used for fungi and RuBisCO used for plants.[3][4][5] Microorganisms are detected using different gene regions. The 16S rRNA gene for example is widely used in identification of prokaryotes, whereas the 18S rRNA gene is mostly used for detecting microbial eukaryotes. These gene regions are chosen because they have less intraspecific (within species) variation than interspecific (between species) variation, which is known as the "Barcoding Gap".[6]
Some applications of DNA barcoding include: identifying plant leaves even when flowers or fruits are not available; identifying pollen collected on the bodies of pollinating animals; identifying insect larvae which may have fewer diagnostic characters than adults; or investigating the diet of an animal based on its stomach content, saliva or feces.[7] When barcoding is used to identify organisms from a sample containing DNA from more than one organism, the term DNA metabarcoding is used,[8][9] e.g. DNA metabarcoding of diatom communities in rivers and streams, which is used to assess water quality.[10]
^"What is DNA Barcoding?". iBOL. Retrieved 2019-03-26.
^Kress, W. John; Erickson, David L., eds. (2012). DNA Barcodes: Methods and Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 858. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-591-6. ISBN 978-1-61779-590-9. S2CID 3668979.
^Irinyi, L.; Lackner, M.; de Hoog, G. S.; Meyer, W. (2015). "DNA barcoding of fungi causing infections in humans and animals". Fungal Biology. 120 (2): 125–136. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.007. PMID 26781368.
^Schoch, Conrad L.; Seifert, Keith A.; Huhndorf, Sabine; Robert, Vincent; Spouge, John L.; Levesque, C. André; Chen, Wen; Fungal Barcoding Consortium (2012). "Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (16): 6241–6246. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117018109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3341068. PMID 22454494.
^CBOL Plant Working Group; Hollingsworth, P. M.; Forrest, L. L.; Spouge, J. L.; Hajibabaei, M.; Ratnasingham, S.; van der Bank, M.; Chase, M. W.; Cowan, R. S. (2009-08-04). "A DNA barcode for land plants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (31): 12794–12797. doi:10.1073/pnas.0905845106. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 2722355. PMID 19666622.
^Paulay, Gustav; Meyer, Christopher P. (2005-11-29). "DNA Barcoding: Error Rates Based on Comprehensive Sampling". PLOS Biology. 3 (12): e422. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030422. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 1287506. PMID 16336051.
^Soininen, Eeva M; Valentini, Alice; Coissac, Eric; Miquel, Christian; Gielly, Ludovic; Brochmann, Christian; Brysting, Anne K; Sønstebø, Jørn H; Ims, Rolf A (2009). "Analysing diet of small herbivores: the efficiency of DNA barcoding coupled with high-throughput pyrosequencing for deciphering the composition of complex plant mixtures". Frontiers in Zoology. 6 (1): 16. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-16. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 2736939. PMID 19695081.
^Creer, Simon; Deiner, Kristy; Frey, Serita; Porazinska, Dorota; Taberlet, Pierre; Thomas, W. Kelley; Potter, Caitlin; Bik, Holly M. (2016). Freckleton, Robert (ed.). "The ecologist's field guide to sequence-based identification of biodiversity" (PDF). Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 7 (9): 1008–1018. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12574. S2CID 87512991.
^Leese, Florian; et al. (January 2018). "Why We Need Sustainable Networks Bridging Countries, Disciplines, Cultures and Generations for Aquatic Biomonitoring 2.0: A Perspective Derived from the DNAqua-Net COST Action". Advances in Ecological Research. 58: 63–99. doi:10.1016/bs.aecr.2018.01.001. hdl:1822/72852. ISBN 9780128139493.
^Vasselon, Valentin; Rimet, Frédéric; Tapolczai, Kálmán; Bouchez, Agnès (2017). "Assessing ecological status with diatoms DNA metabarcoding: Scaling-up on a WFD monitoring network (Mayotte island, France)". Ecological Indicators. 82: 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.06.024. ISSN 1470-160X.
DNAbarcoding is a method of species identification using a short section of DNA from a specific gene or genes. The premise of DNAbarcoding is that by...
The Barcode of Life Data System (commonly known as BOLD or BOLDSystems) is a web platform specifically devoted to DNAbarcoding. It is a cloud-based data...
Microbial DNAbarcoding is the use of DNA metabarcoding to characterize a mixture of microorganisms. DNA metabarcoding is a method of DNAbarcoding that uses...
deposited in a DNAbarcode database such as the ISHAM reference database, or the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). In this attempt, DNAbarcoding relies on...
DNAbarcoding methods for fish are used to identify groups of fish based on DNA sequences within selected regions of a genome. These methods can be used...
relation to key fields of DNA technology, such as biodiversity and DNAbarcoding. As of July 2013, ACDB has catalogued barcodes for 15 584 plant specimens...
Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNAbarcoding as a global standard...
species in 1997, but is now considered to be conspecific with B. smithi. DNAbarcoding has been applied to some Mexican species of Brachypelma. In this approach...
the ventral face of the spermatheca is smooth rather than striated. DNAbarcoding has been applied to Mexican species of Brachypelma. In this approach...
Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Willerslev, Eske (1 April 2012). "Meta-barcoding of 'dirt' DNA from soil reflects vertebrate biodiversity". Molecular Ecology...
1038/s41467-021-24129-1. PMC 8263725. PMID 34234115. "What Is DNABarcoding?". Barcode of Life. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 11...
DNAbarcoding of algae is commonly used for species identification and phylogenetic studies. Algae form a phylogenetically heterogeneous group, meaning...
acid (DNA) characteristics. DNA analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called DNAbarcoding. DNA profiling is a forensic technique...
Metabarcoding is the barcoding of DNA/RNA (or eDNA/eRNA) in a manner that allows for the simultaneous identification of many taxa within the same sample...
MT-CO1 may be a better gene for DNAbarcoding of soil fungi than ITS (the gene most commonly used for mycological barcoding). The MT-COI protein, also known...
details, tests of reproductive isolation, or DNA-based methods, such as molecular phylogenetics and DNAbarcoding. The existence of extremely similar species...
transferred to the new genus Tliltocatl. In 2017, Mendoza and Francke applied DNAbarcoding to some Mexican species of Brachypelma. In this approach, a portion...
Pollen DNAbarcoding is the process of identifying pollen donor plant species through the amplification and sequencing of specific, conserved regions...
gel electrophoresis technique, microscopy, DNAbarcoding, Mitochondrial Microsatellite Analysis and some DNA and Isotope analysis can identify species...
of Life. The atpF-atpH non-coding spacer was chosen as a universal DNAbarcoding marker for species-level identification of duckweeds. Extinct free-floating...
estimates supported by rarefaction curves, together with the use of DNAbarcoding and the increasing acknowledgment of widespread cryptic species among...
species identification and coins the term 'DNABarcoding', proposing Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (CO1) as the DNABarcode for Animals. 2004: Merck introduced a vaccine...
trade of these endangered species along the São Paulo, DNAbarcoding was used. DNAbarcoding revealed fishing and trafficking of these protected species...
DNAbarcoding is an alternative method to the traditional morphological taxonomic classification, and has frequently been used to identify species of...
and Atteva punctella in North America, but had identical DNAbarcodes. Combining DNAbarcoding, morphology and food plant records also revealed a complex...
The term Barcoding may refer to: BarcodeDNAbarcoding This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Barcoding. If an internal link...
method for identification of plant species and commercial varieties by DNAbarcoding is the subject of active current research. The study of plants is vital...
these predictions are highly subjective. Molecular techniques such as DNAbarcoding are being used to compensate for the lack of morphological diagnoses...
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