Radical SAMenzymes is a superfamily of enzymes that use a [4Fe-4S]+ cluster to reductively cleave S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to generate a radical, usually a 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical (5'-dAdo), as a critical intermediate.[1][2] These enzymes utilize this radical intermediate[3] to perform diverse transformations, often to functionalize unactivated C-H bonds. Radical SAM enzymes are involved in cofactor biosynthesis, enzyme activation, peptide modification, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications, metalloprotein cluster formation, tRNA modification, lipid metabolism, biosynthesis of antibiotics and natural products etc. The vast majority of known radical SAM enzymes belong to the radical SAM superfamily,[4][5] and have a cysteine-rich motif that matches or resembles CxxxCxxC. Radical SAM enzymes comprise the largest superfamily of metal-containing enzymes.[6]
^Holliday GL, Akiva E, Meng EC, Brown SD, Calhoun S, Pieper U, et al. (2018). Atlas of the Radical SAM Superfamily: Divergent Evolution of Function Using a "Plug and Play" Domain. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 606. pp. 1–71. doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2018.06.004. ISBN 978-0-12-812794-0. PMC 6445391. PMID 30097089.
^Hoffman BM, Broderick WE, Broderick JB (June 2023). "Mechanism of Radical Initiation in the Radical SAM Enzyme Superfamily". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 92 (1): 333–349. doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-052621-090638. PMC 10759928. PMID 37018846. S2CID 257983715.
^Sofia HJ, Chen G, Hetzler BG, Reyes-Spindola JF, Miller NE (March 2001). "Radical SAM, a novel protein superfamily linking unresolved steps in familiar biosynthetic pathways with radical mechanisms: functional characterization using new analysis and information visualization methods". Nucleic Acids Research. 29 (5): 1097–1106. doi:10.1093/nar/29.5.1097. PMC 29726. PMID 11222759.
^Frey PA, Hegeman AD, Ruzicka FJ (2008). "The Radical SAM Superfamily". Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 43 (1): 63–88. doi:10.1080/10409230701829169. PMID 18307109. S2CID 86816844.
^Martin L, Vernède X, Nicolet Y (2021). "Methods to Screen for Radical SAM Enzyme Crystallization Conditions". Fe-S Proteins. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 2353. pp. 333–348. doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1605-5_17. ISBN 978-1-0716-1604-8. PMID 34292557. S2CID 236174521.
RadicalSAM enzymes is a superfamily of enzymes that use a [4Fe-4S]+ cluster to reductively cleave S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to generate a radical...
metabolic diseases. Another type of methyl transfer is the radical S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) which is the methylation of unactivated carbon atoms in primary...
Radical Optimism is the third studio album by English-Albanian singer Dua Lipa, released on 3 May 2024 by Warner Records. It is her first full-length...
in adenosylcobalamin (an active form of vitamin B12) and as a radical in the radicalSAM enzymes. In individuals with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)...
(2018). "Atlas of the RadicalSAM Superfamily: Divergent Evolution of Function Using a "Plug and Play" Domain". RadicalSAM Enzymes. Methods in Enzymology...
P27532). A glutamic acid and a tyrosine in PqqA are cross-linked by the radicalSAM enzyme PqqE (P07782) with the help of PqqD (P07781) in the first step...
synthase is an enzyme that belongs to the radicalSAM (S-adenosyl methionine) family. Within the radicalSAM superfamily, lipoyl synthase is in a sub-family...
catalyzed by BioB. The last step is catalyzed by biotin synthase, a radicalSAM enzyme. The sulfur is donated by an unusual [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin. Depending...
dimerizes to ethane. It is routinely produced by various enzymes of the radicalSAM and methylcobalamin varieties. The reactivity of a methyl group depends...
intermediate. It is generated by radicalSAM enzymes and by some varieties of vitamin B12. The deoxyadenosyl radical abstracts hydrogen atoms from substrates...
enhance viral infectivity by disrupting cellular metabolism. Viperin is a radicalSAM enzyme which is capable of producing the chain terminator ddhCTP (3ʹ-deoxy-3′...
Radical centrism, also called the radical center, the radical centre, and the radical middle, is a concept that arose in Western nations in the late 20th...
methylated metal compounds: M + n CH• 3 → M(CH3)n Some radicalSAM enzymes generate methyl radicals by reduction of S-adenosylmethionine. It can be produced...
Methylthiotransferases are enzymes of the radical S-adenosyl methionine (radicalSAM) superfamily. These enzymes catalyze the addition of a methylthio...
radical mechanism with a B12 intermediate. Radical transfer with a Cobalamin B12 cofactor and SAM has been shown with the few characterized radical SAM...
(vitamin B12 in humans). Some enzymes use SAM-e to initiate a radical reaction; these are called radicalSAM-e enzymes. As a result of the transfer of...
Sam Esmail (born September 17, 1977) is an American film and television producer, director, and screenwriter who runs the production company Esmail Corp...
the biosynthesis of thiamin. It is also invoked as a product of the radicalSAM-induced fragmentation of tyrosine. It is an imino acid. Begley, Tadhg...
gentamicin: isolation and characterization of a cobalamin-dependent radicalSAM enzyme". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 135 (22): 8093–8096...
; Heinz, D. W.; Jahn, D.; Schubert, W.-D. "Structure and function of radicalSAM enzymes" Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2004, volume 8, 468-476...
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) dependent enzyme that employs a radical mechanism to thiolate dethiobiotin, thus converting it to biotin. This radicalSAM enzyme belongs...
enzymes encoded by genes in the same operon as shc, hpn. For instance, the radicalSAM protein HpnH adds an adenosine group to diploptene, forming the extended...
octanoyltransferase. Two hydrogens of octanoate are replaced with sulfur groups via a radicalSAM mechanism, by lipoyl synthase. As a result, lipoic acid is synthesized...
material and Mendes updated the book slightly, while the orchestrations were radically rewritten to suit the show's cinematic feel. The cast included Jonathan...
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