Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B1, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient for humans and animals.[3][4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication.[1][5] Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino acids.[1]
Food sources of thiamine include whole grains, legumes, and some meats and fish.[1][6] Grain processing removes much of the vitamin content, so in many countries cereals and flours are enriched with thiamine.[1] Supplements and medications are available to treat and prevent thiamine deficiency and the disorders that result from it such as beriberi and Wernicke encephalopathy. They are also used to treat maple syrup urine disease and Leigh syndrome. Supplements and medications are typically taken by mouth, but may also be given by intravenous or intramuscular injection.[7]
Thiamine supplements are generally well tolerated. Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, may occur when repeated doses are given by injection.[7][8] Thiamine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] It is available as a generic medication, and in some countries as a non-prescription dietary supplement.[7]
^ abcde"Thiamin Fact Sheets for Health Professionals". Office of Dietary Supplements. 11 February 2016. Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
^Smithline HA, Donnino M, Greenblatt DJ (February 2012). "Pharmacokinetics of high-dose oral thiamine hydrochloride in healthy subjects". BMC Clinical Pharmacology. 12 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/1472-6904-12-4. PMC 3293077. PMID 22305197.
^Cite error: The named reference PKIN2020B1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference DRItext was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Thiamine: MedlinePlus Drug Information". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
^"Thiamin". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University. 2013. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
^ abcAmerican Society of Health-System Pharmacists. "Thiamine Hydrochloride". Drugsite Trust (Drugs.com). Archived from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
^Kliegman RM, Stanton B (2016). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 322. ISBN 9781455775668. There are no cases of adverse effects of excess thiamine... A few isolated cases of puritis...
^World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B1, is a vitamin, an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. It is found in food and commercially synthesized...
Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B1). A severe and chronic form is known as beriberi. The name beriberi is...
thiamine kinase (EC 2.7.1.89) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + thiamine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + thiamine phosphate...
In enzymology, a thiamine diphosphokinase (EC 2.7.6.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + thiamine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons...
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP or ThPP), or thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), or cocarboxylase is a thiamine (vitamin B1) derivative which is produced by the enzyme...
Thiaminase is an enzyme that metabolizes or breaks down thiamine into pyrimidine and thiazole. It is an antinutrient when consumed. The old name was "aneurinase"...
thiamine oxidase (EC 1.1.3.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction thiamine + 2 O2 + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } thiamine...
vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name, such as B1 for thiamine, B2 for riboflavin, and B3 for niacin, while some are more commonly recognized...
of B-vitamin reserves, in particular thiamine (vitamin B1). The condition is part of a larger group of thiamine deficiency disorders that includes beriberi...
Thiamine triphosphate (ThTP) is a biomolecule found in most organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Chemically, it is the triphosphate...
levels of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate, and thiamine diphosphate are commonly found, but there is a reduced or absent level of thiamine triphosphate...
confabulation. This neurological disorder is caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) in the brain, and it is typically associated with and exacerbated...
Thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (also known as Rogers syndrome) is a very rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting a thiamine...
Thiamine monophosphate, also known as ThMP and TMP, is a phosphate ester of thiamine. It is an intermediate from the hydrolysis of thiamine diphosphate...
and thiamine (100 mg IV). It has been suggested that the use of naloxone and flumazenil be administered more selectively than glucose and thiamine. Some...
Members of this protein family have been assigned as thiamine transporters by a phylogenomic analysis of families of genes regulated by the THI element...
ruminants that is caused by multiple factors, one of which is thiamine depletion in the body. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a key chemical in glucose metabolism that...
S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) is a synthetic, fat-soluble, S-acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1) that is approved in some countries as a medication or dietary...
Thiamine transporter 1, also known as thiamine carrier 1 (TC1) or solute carrier family 19 member 2 (SLC19A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by...
interferes with intestinal absorption of thiamine, thereby further decreasing thiamine levels in the body. Thiamine is important in three reactions in the...
IV fluids containing vitamins and minerals. The bags typically contain thiamine, folic acid, and magnesium sulfate, and are usually used to correct nutritional...
Global Information
