Protein methylation is a type of post-translational modification featuring the addition of methyl groups to proteins. It can occur on the nitrogen-containing side-chains of arginine and lysine,[1][2] but also at the amino- and carboxy-termini of a number of different proteins. In biology, methyltransferases catalyze the methylation process, activated primarily by S-adenosylmethionine.
Protein methylation has been most studied in histones, where the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl methionine is catalyzed by histone methyltransferases. Histones that are methylated on certain residues can act epigenetically to repress or activate gene expression.[3][4]
^Schubert, H.; Blumenthal, R.; Cheng, X. (2007). "1 Protein methyltransferases: Their distribution among the five structural classes of adomet-dependent methyltransferases 1". The Enzymes. 24: 3–22. doi:10.1016/S1874-6047(06)80003-X. ISBN 9780121227258. PMID 26718035.
^Walsh, Christopher (2006). "Chapter 5 – Protein Methylation" (PDF). Posttranslational modification of proteins: expanding nature's inventory. Roberts and Co. Publishers. ISBN 0-9747077-3-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-12-29.
^Grewal, S. I.; Rice, J. C. (2004). "Regulation of heterochromatin by histone methylation and small RNAs". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 16 (3): 230–238. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2004.04.002. PMID 15145346.
^Nakayama, J. -I.; Rice, J. C.; Strahl, B. D.; Allis, C. D.; Grewal, S. I. (2001). "Role of Histone H3 Lysine 9 Methylation in Epigenetic Control of Heterochromatin Assembly". Science. 292 (5514): 110–113. Bibcode:2001Sci...292..110N. doi:10.1126/science.1060118. PMID 11283354. S2CID 16975534.
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Proteinmethylation is a type of post-translational modification featuring the addition of methyl groups to proteins. It can occur on the nitrogen-containing...
regulation of gene expression, regulation of protein function, and RNA processing. In vitro methylation of tissue samples is also a way to reduce some...
acids within the mature protein structure. Examples of processes which add chemical groups to the target protein include methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation...
DNA methylation is a biological process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule. Methylation can change the activity of a DNA segment without...
Histone methylation is a process by which methyl groups are transferred to amino acids of histone proteins that make up nucleosomes, which the DNA double...
eukaryotic cells. While all PRMT enzymes catalyze the methylation of arginine residues in proteins, PRMT1 is unique in that is catalyzes the formation of...
RO−Na+ + (CH3O)2SO2 → ROCH3 + Na(CH3)SO4 The methylation of sugars is called Haworth methylation. The methylation of ketones is called the Lavergne reaction...
PMID 11720283. Meister G, Eggert C, Bühler D, et al. (2002). "Methylation of Sm proteins by a complex containing PRMT5 and the putative U snRNP assembly...
as a result of histone modifications directed by DNA methylation, ncRNA, or DNA-binding protein. Hence these modifications may up or down regulate the...
which lead to many connective-tissue diseases such as scurvy. methylation Several protein residues can be methylated, most notably the positive groups...
deactivating proteins and in signaling pathways. PTMs are involved in transcriptional regulation: an important function of acetylation and methylation is histone...
methylation for the epigenetic control of DNA-protein interactions. Bacteria also use DNA adenine methylation (rather than DNA cytosine methylation)...
H3. There are three different types of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and three types of methylation that can occur at arginine residues on...
methyltransferase. Binding of the protein of interest to DNA localizes the methyltransferase in the region of the binding site. Adenine methylation does not occur naturally...
in many diseases. Methylation of proteins has a regulatory role in protein–protein interactions, protein–DNA interactions, and protein activation. Examples:...
Nevertheless, increasing evidence suggests methylation of non-histone proteins may influence protein stability, protein-protein interactions and regulate cellular...
are transcribed to synthesize the HgcA and HgcB proteins. These proteins can then start the methylation reaction to form methylmercury. Species from all...
because its pairing partner MLH1 was repressed due to promoter methylation (PMS2 protein is unstable in the absence of MLH1). In the remaining 10 cases...
of annotated protein coding genes, suggesting that about 867 genes in a colon tumor have lost expression due to CpG island methylation. A separate study...
genome. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA sequences and various types of DNA that does not encode proteins. The latter is a diverse category...
DNA packaging protein Histone H3. It is a mark that indicates the tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 protein. This tri-methylation is associated...
methylation. Carboxyl methylation only occurs on prenylated proteins. Farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase I are very similar proteins....
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