Conversion of a gene's sequence into a mature gene product or products
For vocabulary, see Glossary of gene expression terms. For a non-technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to genetics.
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Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein-coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) and small nuclear RNA (snRNA), the product is a functional non-coding RNA.
The process of gene expression is used by all known life—eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses—to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.
In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic information stored in DNA represents the genotype, whereas the phenotype results from the "interpretation" of that information. Such phenotypes are often displayed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's structure and development, or that act as enzymes catalyzing specific metabolic pathways.
All steps in the gene expression process may be modulated (regulated), including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Regulation of gene expression gives control over the timing, location, and amount of a given gene product (protein or ncRNA) present in a cell and can have a profound effect on the cellular structure and function. Regulation of gene expression is the basis for cellular differentiation, development, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may therefore serve as a substrate for evolutionary change.
Geneexpression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products...
Regulation of geneexpression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of...
field of molecular biology, geneexpression profiling is the measurement of the activity (the expression) of thousands of genes at once, to create a global...
GeneExpression Omnibus (GEO) is a database for geneexpression profiling and RNA methylation profiling managed by the National Center for Biotechnology...
In computer programming, geneexpression programming (GEP) is an evolutionary algorithm that creates computer programs or models. These computer programs...
Spatiotemporal geneexpression is the activation of genes within specific tissues of an organism at specific times during development. Gene activation patterns...
Monoallelic geneexpression (MAE) is the phenomenon of the geneexpression, when only one of the two gene copies (alleles) is actively expressed (transcribed)...
RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and non-coding genes. During geneexpression, DNA is first copied into RNA. RNA can...
Gene silencing is the regulation of geneexpression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene. Gene silencing can occur during either transcription...
important to use a reporter gene that is not natively expressed in the cell or organism under study, since the expression of the reporter is being used...
emotion Facial expression, a movement of the face that conveys emotional state Geneexpression, the process by which information from a gene is used in biochemistry...
Serial Analysis of GeneExpression (SAGE) is a transcriptomic technique used by molecular biologists to produce a snapshot of the messenger RNA population...
An expression vector, otherwise known as an expression construct, is usually a plasmid or virus designed for geneexpression in cells. The vector is used...
Promiscuous geneexpression (PGE), formerly referred to as ectopic expression, is a process specific to the thymus that plays a pivotal role in the establishment...
is being made to characterize the regulation of kisspeptin and its geneexpression, as well as to more specifically determine the mechanism behind kisspeptin's...
how a single genome gives rise to a variety of cells. Another is how geneexpression is regulated. The first attempts to study whole transcriptomes began...
activation systems are fused to transcriptional activators to increase expression of genes of interest. Such systems are usable for many purposes including...
Cap analysis of geneexpression (CAGE) is a geneexpression technique used in molecular biology to produce a snapshot of the 5′ end of the messenger RNA...
oocyte development. As a part of the process of in vitro fertilization, geneexpression profiling of cumulus cells can be performed to estimate oocyte quality...
transcription factor genes. In many animals, the organization of the Hox genes in the chromosome is the same as the order of their expression along the anterior-posterior...
they directly control the expression of another set of genes involved in segmentation, the pair-rule genes. The gap genes themselves are expressed under...
A gene signature or geneexpression signature is a single or combined group of genes in a cell with a uniquely characteristic pattern of gene expression...
muscles had altered geneexpression, with 641 genes up-regulated and 176 genes down-regulated. Williams et al. identified 599 enhancer-gene interactions, covering...
surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome...
the genetic code (which strongly affects DNA metabolism and possibly geneexpression). Certain enzymes, such as topoisomerases, change the amount of DNA...
sequences have shown to play a key role in the regulation of geneexpression. Geneexpression can be controlled through the action of repressor proteins...
lab. An expression vector, most commonly the pET expression vector, is engineered to integrate two essential components: a T7 promoter and a gene of interest...
meaning "place." Ectopic expression is an abnormal geneexpression in a cell type, tissue type, or developmental stage in which the gene is not usually expressed...
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