Region of often-methylated DNA with a cytosine followed by a guanine
a CpG site, i.e., the " 5'—C—phosphate—G—3' " sequence of nucleotides, is indicated on one DNA strand (in yellow). On the reverse DNA strand (in blue), the complementary 5'—CpG—3' site is shown. A C-G base-pairing between the two DNA strands is also indicated (right)
The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction. CpG sites occur with high frequency in genomic regions called CpG islands.
Cytosines in CpG dinucleotides can be methylated to form 5-methylcytosines. Enzymes that add a methyl group are called DNA methyltransferases. In mammals, 70% to 80% of CpG cytosines are methylated.[1] Methylating the cytosine within a gene can change its expression, a mechanism that is part of a larger field of science studying gene regulation that is called epigenetics. Methylated cytosines often mutate to thymines.
In humans, about 70% of promoters located near the transcription start site of a gene (proximal promoters) contain a CpG island.[2][3]
^Jabbari K, Bernardi G (May 2004). "Cytosine methylation and CpG, TpG (CpA) and TpA frequencies". Gene. 333: 143–9. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.02.043. PMID 15177689.
^Saxonov S, Berg P, Brutlag DL (2006). "A genome-wide analysis of CpG dinucleotides in the human genome distinguishes two distinct classes of promoters". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (5): 1412–7. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103.1412S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0510310103. PMC 1345710. PMID 16432200.
^Deaton AM, Bird A (2011). "CpG islands and the regulation of transcription". Genes Dev. 25 (10): 1010–22. doi:10.1101/gad.2037511. PMC 3093116. PMID 21576262.
along its 5' → 3' direction. CpGsites occur with high frequency in genomic regions called CpG islands. Cytosines in CpG dinucleotides can be methylated...
methylated CpGsite (a cytosine followed by guanine along its 5' → 3' direction and where the cytosine is methylated (5-mCpG)). A 5-mCpGsite has the lowest...
CpG may refer to: CpGsite - methylated sequences of DNA significant in gene regulation CpG island - regions of DNA that contain several CpGsites CpG...
occurs on the cytosine nucleotide in a CpGsite, in plants the cytosine can be methylated at CpG, CpHpG, and CpHpH sites, where H represents any nucleotide...
methylated CpGsite (a cytosine followed by guanine along its 5' → 3' direction and where the cytosine is methylated (5-mCpG)). A 5-mCpGsite has the lowest...
differentially methylated CpGsites returned to the level of never-smokers within five years of smoking cessation. However, 2,568 CpGs among 942 genes remained...
a demethylation pathway shown in the second figure. The thousands of CpGsites being demethylated during memory formation depend on ROS in an initial...
along its 5' → 3' direction (at CpGsites). This forms a 5mCpGsite. More than 98% of DNA methylation occurs at CpGsites in mammalian somatic cells. Thus...
occurs in the DNA sequence CpG, changing the DNA at the CpGsite from CpG to 5-mCpG. Methylation of cytosines in CpGsites in promoter regions of genes...
guanine, a CpGsite. The number of CpGsites in the human genome is about 28 million. Depending on the type of cell, about 70% of the CpGsites have a methylated...
Look up CPG in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. CPG may stand for: Cameron Pace Group, a 4D technology and production company based in Berlin, Germany...
of CpG dinucleotides (CpGsites), forming 5-methylcytosine (5mC). Thus, a CpGsite may be methylated to form 5mCpG. The presence of 5mC at CpGsites in...
mammalian brain, ~62% of CpGs are methylated. Methylation of CpGsites tends to stably silence genes. More than 500 of these CpGsites are de-methylated in...
at a CpGsite, which is a cytosine followed by a guanine. The “p” refers to the phosphate linker between them. DMR usually involves adjacent sites or a...
(G) within CpGsites. This is an important repair function since about 1/3 of all intragenic single base pair mutations in human cancers occur in CpG dinucleotides...
mouse sperm genome is 80–90% methylated at its CpGsites in DNA, amounting to about 20 million methylated sites.[citation needed] After fertilization, the...
or 5-mCpG). Methylated cytosines within CpG sequences often occur in groups, called CpG islands. About 59% of promoter sequences have a CpG island while...
the bisulfite-converted sequence of specific CpGsites in the region. The ratio of C-to-T at individual sites can be determined quantitatively based on the...
MECP2 (methyl CpG binding protein 2) is a gene that encodes the protein MECP2. MECP2 appears to be essential for the normal function of nerve cells. The...
modification primarily occurs at CpGsites, which in turn tend to cluster in regions called CpG islands. There is a small fraction of CpG islands that can overlap...
methylation. DNA methylation of a CpG island in a promoter region may cause silencing of its downstream gene (see CpGsite and regulation of transcription...
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