Pipotiazine (Piportil), also known as pipothiazine, is a typical antipsychotic of the phenothiazine class[2] used in the United Kingdom and other countries for the treatment of schizophrenia.[3] Its properties are similar to those of chlorpromazine. A 2004 systematic review investigated its efficacy for people with schizophrenia:
Pipotiazine palmitate compared to oral antipsychotics for schizophrenia[4]
Summary
Although well-conducted and reported randomized trials are still needed to fully inform practice (no trial data exists reporting hospital and services outcomes, quality of life, satisfaction with care and economics) pipotiazine palmitate is a viable choice for both clinician and person with schizophrenia.[4]
Outcome
Findings in words
Findings in numbers
Quality of evidence
Global outcomes
No important clinical response Follow-up: by 3 week)
There is no clear difference between people given pipotiazine palmitate and those receiving oral antipsychotics. These findings are based on data of low quality.
RR 2.57 (0.76 to 8.63)
Low
Leaving the study early Follow-up: up to 5 weeks
Pipotiazine palmitate may increase the chance of leaving the study early but the difference between people given pipotiazine palmitate and those receiving oral antipsychotics is not clear. These findings are based on data of low quality.
RR 3.85 (0.46 to 32.22)
Low
Mental state
Relapse Follow-up: by 18 months)
Pipotiazine palmitate has not more - or less - effect on risk of relapse than oral antipsychotics. These findings are based on data of low quality.
RR 1.55 (0.76 to 3.18)
Low
Adverse effects
Tardive dyskinesia
Oral antipsychotic drugs and pipotiazine palmitate carry similar risks of this problematic movement disorder. These findings are based on data of low quality.
RR 1.03 (0.22 to 4.92)
Low
Dystonia
Pipotiazine palmitate may slightly reduce the chance of experiencing this movement disorder but there is no clear difference between people given pipotiazine palmitate and those receiving oral antipsychotics. These findings are based on data of low quality.
RR 0.32 (0.04 to 2.89)
Low
v
t
e
Pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable antipsychotics
Medication
Brand name
Class
Vehicle
Dosage
Tmax
t1/2 single
t1/2 multiple
logPc
Ref
Aripiprazole lauroxil
Aristada
Atypical
Watera
441–1064 mg/4–8 weeks
24–35 days
?
54–57 days
7.9–10.0
Aripiprazole monohydrate
Abilify Maintena
Atypical
Watera
300–400 mg/4 weeks
7 days
?
30–47 days
4.9–5.2
Bromperidol decanoate
Impromen Decanoas
Typical
Sesame oil
40–300 mg/4 weeks
3–9 days
?
21–25 days
7.9
[5]
Clopentixol decanoate
Sordinol Depot
Typical
Viscoleob
50–600 mg/1–4 weeks
4–7 days
?
19 days
9.0
[6]
Flupentixol decanoate
Depixol
Typical
Viscoleob
10–200 mg/2–4 weeks
4–10 days
8 days
17 days
7.2–9.2
[6][7]
Fluphenazine decanoate
Prolixin Decanoate
Typical
Sesame oil
12.5–100 mg/2–5 weeks
1–2 days
1–10 days
14–100 days
7.2–9.0
[8][9][10]
Fluphenazine enanthate
Prolixin Enanthate
Typical
Sesame oil
12.5–100 mg/1–4 weeks
2–3 days
4 days
?
6.4–7.4
[9]
Fluspirilene
Imap, Redeptin
Typical
Watera
2–12 mg/1 week
1–8 days
7 days
?
5.2–5.8
[11]
Haloperidol decanoate
Haldol Decanoate
Typical
Sesame oil
20–400 mg/2–4 weeks
3–9 days
18–21 days
7.2–7.9
[12][13]
Olanzapine pamoate
Zyprexa Relprevv
Atypical
Watera
150–405 mg/2–4 weeks
7 days
?
30 days
–
Oxyprothepin decanoate
Meclopin
Typical
?
?
?
?
?
8.5–8.7
Paliperidone palmitate
Invega Sustenna
Atypical
Watera
39–819 mg/4–12 weeks
13–33 days
25–139 days
?
8.1–10.1
Perphenazine decanoate
Trilafon Dekanoat
Typical
Sesame oil
50–200 mg/2–4 weeks
?
?
27 days
8.9
Perphenazine enanthate
Trilafon Enanthate
Typical
Sesame oil
25–200 mg/2 weeks
2–3 days
?
4–7 days
6.4–7.2
[14]
Pipotiazine palmitate
Piportil Longum
Typical
Viscoleob
25–400 mg/4 weeks
9–10 days
?
14–21 days
8.5–11.6
[7]
Pipotiazine undecylenate
Piportil Medium
Typical
Sesame oil
100–200 mg/2 weeks
?
?
?
8.4
Risperidone
Risperdal Consta
Atypical
Microspheres
12.5–75 mg/2 weeks
21 days
?
3–6 days
–
Zuclopentixol acetate
Clopixol Acuphase
Typical
Viscoleob
50–200 mg/1–3 days
1–2 days
1–2 days
4.7–4.9
Zuclopentixol decanoate
Clopixol Depot
Typical
Viscoleob
50–800 mg/2–4 weeks
4–9 days
?
11–21 days
7.5–9.0
Note: All by intramuscular injection. Footnotes:a = Microcrystalline or nanocrystalline aqueous suspension. b = Low-viscosity vegetable oil (specifically fractionated coconut oil with medium-chain triglycerides). c = Predicted, from PubChem and DrugBank. Sources:Main: See template.
^Anvisa (2023-03-31). "RDC Nº 784 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 784 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-04-04). Archived from the original on 2023-08-03. Retrieved 2023-08-16.
^Bechelli LP, Ruffino-Netto A, Hetem G (December 1983). "A double-blind controlled trial of pipotiazine, haloperidol and placebo in recently-hospitalized acute schizophrenic patients". Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 16 (4): 305–11. PMID 6143579.
^International Drug Names
^ abDinesh M, David A, Quraishi SN (October 2004). "Depot pipotiazine palmitate and undecylenate for schizophrenia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (4): CD001720. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001720.pub2. PMC 7025786. PMID 15495016.
^Parent M, Toussaint C, Gilson H (1983). "Long-term treatment of chronic psychotics with bromperidol decanoate: clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation". Current Therapeutic Research. 34 (1): 1–6.
^ abJørgensen A, Overø KF (1980). "Clopenthixol and flupenthixol depot preparations in outpatient schizophrenics. III. Serum levels". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 279: 41–54. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07082.x. PMID 6931472.
^ abReynolds JE (1993). "Anxiolytic sedatives, hypnotics and neuroleptics.". Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (30th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. pp. 364–623.
^Ereshefsky L, Saklad SR, Jann MW, Davis CM, Richards A, Seidel DR (May 1984). "Future of depot neuroleptic therapy: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 45 (5 Pt 2): 50–9. PMID 6143748.
^ abCurry SH, Whelpton R, de Schepper PJ, Vranckx S, Schiff AA (April 1979). "Kinetics of fluphenazine after fluphenazine dihydrochloride, enanthate and decanoate administration to man". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 7 (4): 325–31. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00941.x. PMC 1429660. PMID 444352.
^Young D, Ereshefsky L, Saklad SR, Jann MW, Garcia N (1984). Explaining the pharmacokinetics of fluphenazine through computer simulations. (Abstract.). 19th Annual Midyear Clinical Meeting of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Dallas, Texas.
^Janssen PA, Niemegeers CJ, Schellekens KH, Lenaerts FM, Verbruggen FJ, van Nueten JM, Marsboom RH, Hérin VV, Schaper WK (November 1970). "The pharmacology of fluspirilene (R 6218), a potent, long-acting and injectable neuroleptic drug". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 20 (11): 1689–98. PMID 4992598.
^Beresford R, Ward A (January 1987). "Haloperidol decanoate. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in psychosis". Drugs. 33 (1): 31–49. doi:10.2165/00003495-198733010-00002. PMID 3545764.
^Reyntigens AJ, Heykants JJ, Woestenborghs RJ, Gelders YG, Aerts TJ (1982). "Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol decanoate. A 2-year follow-up". International Pharmacopsychiatry. 17 (4): 238–46. doi:10.1159/000468580. PMID 7185768.
^Larsson M, Axelsson R, Forsman A (1984). "On the pharmacokinetics of perphenazine: a clinical study of perphenazine enanthate and decanoate". Current Therapeutic Research. 36 (6): 1071–88.
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