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Neutrophil oxidative index
Purpose
measure of neutrophil oxidation
Neutrophil oxidative burst test (or chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) test) is a measure of neutrophil oxidation and is a useful assay in the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease and is also a useful means to determine the overall metabolic integrity of phagocytosing neutrophils.
The NADPH oxidase enzyme is missing in CGD. From total blood, neutrophils can be purified and the NADPH oxidase activity can be measured with different methods in these cells after activation.
Phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and monocytes constitutes an essential arm of host defense against bacterial or fungal infections. The phagocytic process can be separated into several major stages: chemotaxis (migration of phagocytes to inflammatory sites), attachment of particles to the cell surface of phagocytes, ingestion (phagocytosis) and intracellular killing by oxygen-dependent (oxidative burst) and oxygen-independent mechanisms.[1][2]
Sample results are expressed as a normal oxidative index (NOI), which is the ratio of the fluorescence in stimulated cells to the fluorescence expressed in unstimulated cells. The normal range is > 73 NOI.
^Roitt, I.M., Brostoff, J. and D.K. Male. 1996. Immunology, 4th ed. Gower Medical Publishing Ltd., London.
^Sawyer, D.W., Donowitz, G.R. and G.L. Mandell. 1989. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils: An effective antimicrobial force. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11: S1532-S1544.
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