ICSC 1119 (solution, >10% active chlorine) ICSC 0482 (solution, <10% active chlorine)
Related compounds
Other anions
Sodium chloride
Sodium chlorite
Sodium chlorate
Sodium perchlorate
Other cations
Lithium hypochlorite
Potassium hypochlorite
Calcium hypochlorite
Barium hypochlorite
Silver hypochlorite
Related compounds
Hypochlorite
Chlorine monoxide
Hypochlorous acid
Methyl hypochlorite
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Chemical compound
Sodium hypochlorite is an alkaline inorganic chemical compound with the formula NaOCl (also written as NaClO). It is commonly known in a dilute aqueous solution as bleach or chlorine bleach.[4] It is the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, consisting of sodium cations (Na+) and hypochlorite anions (−OCl, also written as OCl− and ClO−).
The anhydrous compound is unstable and may decompose explosively.[5][6] It can be crystallized as a pentahydrate NaOCl·5H2O, a pale greenish-yellow solid which is not explosive and is stable if kept refrigerated.[7][8][9]
Sodium hypochlorite is most often encountered as a pale greenish-yellow dilute solution referred to as chlorine bleach, which is a household chemical widely used (since the 18th century) as a disinfectant and bleaching agent. In solution, the compound is unstable and easily decomposes, liberating chlorine, which is the active principle of such products. Sodium hypochlorite is still the most important chlorine-based bleach.[10][11]
Its corrosive properties, common availability, and reaction products make it a significant safety risk. In particular, mixing liquid bleach with other cleaning products, such as acids found in limescale-removing products, will release chlorine gas. Chlorine gas was utilized as a chemical weapon in World War I.[12][13][14] A common misconception is that mixing bleach with ammonia also releases chlorine, but in reality they react to produce chloramines such as nitrogen trichloride. With excess ammonia and sodium hydroxide, hydrazine may be generated.
^Budavari S, O'Neil M, Smith A, Heckelman P, Obenchain J (1996). "Sodium hypochlorite". The Merck Index (12th ed.). p. 1478. ISBN 978-0-911910-12-4.
^Sodium hypochlorite: chemical activity
^"sodium hypochlorite | chemical compound | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
^Cite error: The named reference bret was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference hamano1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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^Cite error: The named reference okada1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Topić F, Marrett JM, Borchers TH, Titi HM, Barrett CJ, Friščić T (2021). "After 200 Years: The Structure of Bleach and Characterization of Hypohalite Ions by Single-Crystal X-Ray Diffraction". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.60 (46): 24400–24405. doi:10.1002/anie.202108843. PMID 34293249. S2CID 236199263.
^"OxyChem Sodium Hypochlorite Handbook" (PDF). OxyChem. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
^"Pamphlet 96, The Sodium Hypochorite Manual". The Chlorine Institute.
^Faith T (2014). Behind the Gas Mask: The U.S. Chemical Warfare Service in War and Peace. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0252080265. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^"April 22, 1915: Germans introduce poison gas". This Day In History. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^Gross DA (Spring 2015). "Chemical Warfare: From the European Battlefield to the American Laboratory". Distillations. 1 (1): 16–23. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
and 26 Related for: Sodium hypochlorite information
Sodiumhypochlorite is an alkaline inorganic chemical compound with the formula NaOCl (also written as NaClO). It is commonly known in a dilute aqueous...
hypochlorite salts. Common examples include sodiumhypochlorite (household bleach) and calcium hypochlorite (a component of bleaching powder, swimming...
as a solid and solution and has greater available chlorine than sodiumhypochlorite. "Pure" samples have 99.2% active chlorine. Given common industrial...
Sodiumhypochlorite washes are skin cleansers formulated with sodiumhypochlorite (NaOCl) and surfactants. These cleansing liquids or gels are lathered...
after cleaning. It often refers specifically to a dilute solution of sodiumhypochlorite, also called "liquid bleach". Many bleaches have broad-spectrum bactericidal...
antimicrobial properties, the related compounds sodiumhypochlorite (NaOCl) and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2) are ingredients in many commercial bleaches...
rather than sodium chloride, its use has been promoted in agriculture, where addition of potassium to soil is desired. Potassium hypochlorite was first...
residual hypochlorite used in the bleaching industry. Sodium bisulfite solutions can be prepared by treating a solution of suitable base, such as sodium hydroxide...
chemical household product that consists of a dilute solution of sodiumhypochlorite (NaClO) and other secondary ingredients. It is a chlorine releasing...
common ones are listed below: Sodiumhypochlorite (NaClO) in concentrations ranging between 0.5% and 5.25% 6% sodiumhypochlorite with surface modifiers for...
analogue of sodiumhypochlorite, the active ingredient in common bleach. In practice the salt is usually encountered as an aqueous solution. Sodium hypobromite...
and the anode, and (2) Autoxidation of hypochlorite in the bulk electrolyte. Under electrolysis hydrogen and sodium hydroxide are formed at the cathode and...
low voltage DC current is applied, electrolysis happens producing sodiumhypochlorite and hydrogen gas (H2). The solution travels to a tank that separates...
resulted in the use of chlorides and hypochlorites of lime (calcium hypochlorite) and of sodium (sodiumhypochlorite) in the boyauderies. The same chemicals...
healing or the short-term control of plaque. As mentioned earlier, sodiumhypochlorite, a common household bleach, can be used as a 0.2% solution for 30...
water. Shock chlorination is performed by mixing a large amount of sodiumhypochlorite, which can be in the form of a powder or a liquid such as chlorine...
products on the EPA list contain sodiumhypochlorite, which is similar in name but should not be confused with sodium chlorite because they have very different...
is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodiumhypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other...
and animals only. Sodiumhypochlorite and formaldehyde are applied to euthanize by killing the cells directly. Sodiumhypochlorite disrupts the cell processes...
phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible. The sodium salt of phenol, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble. It is a combustible solid...
"Anolyte" is an oxidizing, acidic hypochlorite solution made by electrolysis of sodium chloride into sodiumhypochlorite and hypochlorous acid. Anolyte has...
produce chlorine gas or its dissolved forms, hypochlorous acid and sodiumhypochlorite, which are already commonly used as sanitizing agents in pools. Hydrogen...
(primarily sodiumhypochlorite, NaOCl). It is manufactured by Unilever. Domestos (and Chlorox, essentially a 10–25% solution of sodiumhypochlorite) contains...
Silver hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgOCl (also written as AgClO). It is an ionic compound of silver and the polyatomic...
instrument. A sodiumhypochlorite accident can result in long-term functional and aesthetic complications. Extrusion of sodiumhypochlorite irrigating solution...
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