Membrane curvature is the geometrical measure or characterization of the curvature of membranes. The membranes can be naturally occurring or man-made (synthetic). An example of naturally occurring membrane is the lipid bilayer of cells, also known as cellular membranes.[1] Synthetic membranes can be obtained by preparing aqueous solutions of certain lipids. The lipids will then "aggregate" and form various phases and structures. According to the conditions (concentration, temperature, ionic strength of solution, etc.) and the chemical structures of the lipid, different phases will be observed. For instance, the lipid POPC (palmitoyl oleyl phosphatidyl choline) tends to form lamellar vesicles in solution, whereas smaller lipids (lipids with shorter acyl chains, up to 8 carbons in length), such as detergents, will form micelles if the CMC (critical micelle concentration) was reached. There are five commonly proposed mechanisms by which membrane curvature is created, maintained, or controlled: lipid composition, shaped transmembrane proteins, protein motif insertion/BAR domains, protein scaffolding, and cytoskeleton scaffolding.[2]
^Furse S (2012). "Curvy Biology". The Lipid Chronicles.
Membranecurvature is the geometrical measure or characterization of the curvature of membranes. The membranes can be naturally occurring or man-made (synthetic)...
and the formation of a gap junction. The membrane bilayer is not always flat. Local curvature of the membrane can be caused by the asymmetry and non-bilayer...
shown to affect membranecurvature in vitro; their role in vivo is unclear. The roles of lysoPA, PA, and DAG in promoting membranecurvature do not preclude...
defined primarily by its curvature, while the global geometry is characterised by its topology (which itself is constrained by curvature). General relativity...
leads to membranecurvature. In addition to insertion, caveolins are also capable of oligomerization which further plays a role in membranecurvature. Recent...
their membranecurvature which is an important factor in studying fusion proteins. SUVs have a higher membranecurvature and vesicles with high membrane curvature...
as the energy required to deform a membrane from its intrinsic curvature to some other curvature. Intrinsic curvature is defined by the ratio of the diameter...
a large film, its weight can seriously affect its form. For a membrane with curvature in two directions, the basic equation of equilibrium is: w = t...
contribute to these diseases. Alpha-synuclein can damage membranes by inducing membranecurvature, and cause extensive tubulation and vesiculation when incubated...
membrane dynamics in a cell. The BAR domain is banana-shaped and binds to membrane via its concave face. It is capable of sensing membranecurvature by...
predominantly in endoplasmic reticulum, primarily playing a role in promoting membranecurvature. In addition, reticulons may play a role in nuclear pore complex formation...
inserts itself into the ER membrane, binding preferentially to areas of membranecurvature. As Sar1-GTP inserts into the membrane, it recruits Sec23 and Sec24...
family of highly conserved membrane proteins that are important in creating membranecurvature. Epsins contribute to membrane deformations like endocytosis...
Kühlbrandt W (March 2019). "Dimers of mitochondrial ATP synthase induce membranecurvature and self-assemble into rows". Proceedings of the National Academy...
Additionally, it is thought that phosphatidylethanolamine regulates membranecurvature. Phosphatidylethanolamine is an important precursor, substrate, or...
enables the binding of protein VI to the endsomal membrane leading to a severe membranecurvature that ultimately disrupts the endosome. These changes...
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists...
The peritoneum is the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids. It covers...
virus studied. In some reports M appears to be capable of inducing membranecurvature, though others report M alone is insufficient for this and E is required...
degree of membranecurvature and tubulation, even fragmentation of membranes with a high PtdIns(4,5)P2 content. Epsin binding to membranes facilitates...
within caveolar membranes by compartmentalizing and concentrating signaling molecules. They also induce positive (inward) membranecurvature by way of oligomerization...
Kühlbrandt W (March 2019). "Dimers of mitochondrial ATP synthase induce membranecurvature and self-assemble into rows". Proceedings of the National Academy...
The serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth tissue membrane of mesothelium lining the contents and inner walls of body cavities, which secrete serous fluid...
contact zone prior to fusion is unknown, but the local increase in membranecurvature is thought to contribute in the process. SNAREs generate energy through...
nonstructural protein involved in altering cell membranecurvature and induction of autophagy. In addition to its membrane altering property, NS4A is a scaffold...
rafts as a separate phase. Other spontaneous events, such as curvature of the membrane and fusing of small rafts into larger rafts, can also minimize...
spontaneous curvature of the membrane, and H {\displaystyle H} and K {\displaystyle K} are the mean and Gaussian curvature of the membrane surface, respectively...
maintaining mitochondrial inner membrane structure and function. It also has unique acyl specificity and membranecurvature sensing capabilities. After its...
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