For the medical journal, see Experimental Neurology.
Medical condition
Neurodegenerative disease
Normal brain on left contrasted with structural changes shown in brain on right of person with Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disease[1]
Specialty
Neurology, Psychiatry
A neurodegenerative disease is caused by the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, in the process known as neurodegeneration. Such neuronal damage may ultimately involve cell death. Neurodegenerative diseases include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophy, tauopathies, and prion diseases. Neurodegeneration can be found in the brain at many different levels of neuronal circuitry, ranging from molecular to systemic. Because there is no known way to reverse the progressive degeneration of neurons, these diseases are considered to be incurable; however research has shown that the two major contributing factors to neurodegeneration are oxidative stress and inflammation.[2][3][4][5] Biomedical research has revealed many similarities between these diseases at the subcellular level, including atypical protein assemblies (like proteinopathy) and induced cell death.[6][7] These similarities suggest that therapeutic advances against one neurodegenerative disease might ameliorate other diseases as well.
Within neurodegenerative diseases, it is estimated that 55 million people worldwide had dementia in 2019, and that by 2050 this figure will increase to 139 million people.[8]
^Cite error: The named reference CSHPB-Apr18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Pereira, TMC; Côco, LZ; Ton, AMM; Meyrelles, SS; Campos-Toimil, M; Campagnaro, BP; Vasquez, EC (20 November 2021). "The Emerging Scenario of the Gut-Brain Axis: The Therapeutic Actions of the New Actor Kefir against Neurodegenerative Diseases". Antioxidants. 10 (11): 1845. doi:10.3390/antiox10111845. PMC 8614795. PMID 34829716.
^Stephenson, J; Nutma, E; van der Valk, P; Amor, S (June 2018). "Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases". Immunology. 154 (2): 204–219. doi:10.1111/imm.12922. PMC 5980185. PMID 29513402.
^Singh, A; Kukreti, R; Saso, L; Kukreti, S (22 April 2019). "Oxidative Stress: A Key Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases". Molecules. 24 (8): 1583. doi:10.3390/molecules24081583. PMC 6514564. PMID 31013638.
^"What is Neurodegenerative Disease?". JPND Research. 17 July 2014. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
^Rubinsztein DC (October 2006). "The roles of intracellular protein-degradation pathways in neurodegeneration". Nature. 443 (7113): 780–6. Bibcode:2006Natur.443..780R. doi:10.1038/nature05291. PMID 17051204. S2CID 4411895.
^Bredesen DE, Rao RV, Mehlen P (October 2006). "Cell death in the nervous system". Nature. 443 (7113): 796–802. Bibcode:2006Natur.443..796B. doi:10.1038/nature05293. PMC 3970704. PMID 17051206.
^Global status report on the public health response to dementia(PDF). Geneva: World Health Organization. 2021. ISBN 978-92-4-003324-5. Retrieved 14 October 2022.
and 23 Related for: Neurodegenerative disease information
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerativedisease linked to repeated trauma to the head. The encephalopathy symptoms can include behavioral...
cause prion diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) that are transmissible, fatal neurodegenerativediseases in humans and...
some lymphoproliferative cancers. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerativedisease in which the immune system attacks myelin, a protective covering...
after Alzheimer's disease and vascular disease." Hershey (2019) says, "DLB is the third most common of all the neurodegenerativediseases behind both Alzheimer's...
also known as motor neurone disease (MND) or Lou Gehrig's disease in the United States, is a rare but terminal neurodegenerative disorder that results in...
encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is an incurable and invariably fatal neurodegenerativedisease of cattle. Symptoms include abnormal behavior...
It is chronic inflammation that is typically associated with neurodegenerativediseases. Common causes of chronic neuroinflammation include: Toxic metabolites...
neurodegenerativediseases, cells of the central nervous system stop working or die via neurodegeneration. An example of this is Alzheimer's disease....
Dementia is a syndrome associated with many neurodegenerativediseases (most commonly Alzheimer's), which is characterized by a general decline in cognitive...
mtDNA damage is a feature of several neurodegenerativediseases. The brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease have elevated levels of oxidative DNA...
Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a tick-borne disease caused by species of Borrelia bacteria, transmitted by blood-feeding ticks in the...
Neurodegenerativediseases can disrupt the normal human homeostasis and result in abnormal estrogen levels. For example, neurodegenerativediseases can...
Neurodegenerativediseases are a heterogeneous group of complex disorders linked by the degeneration of neurons in either the peripheral nervous system...
in 3 distinct settings: mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, adult neurodegenerativedisease and acute brain injury.: 1503 In 1825, Bouchet and Cazauvieilh...
variety of health disorders and diseases, including neurodegenerativediseases, diabetes, mood disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Such disruptors...
Alzheimers, Epilepsy and Psychiatry. Neurodegenerativedisease List of central nervous system infections "Nervous System Diseases". Healthinsite.gov.au. Retrieved...
may contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerativediseases that present in early adulthood and beyond. The extended period...
morbilliform rash. HHV-6 has been tentatively linked with neurodegenerativediseases. Fifth disease Stone, RC; Micali, GA; Schwartz, RA (April 2014). "Roseola...
other forms of dementia. It presents often in individuals with a neurodegenerativedisease, particularly at an older age; it has also been reported as occurring...
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerativedisease involving the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia. CBD symptoms typically begin...
misfolded proteins have modified or toxic functionality. Several neurodegenerative and other diseases are believed to result from the accumulation of amyloid fibrils...
Global Information