In molecular biology, caveolins are a family of integral membrane proteins that are the principal components of caveolae membranes and involved in receptor-independent endocytosis.[1][2][3] Caveolins may act as scaffolding proteins within caveolar membranes by compartmentalizing and concentrating signaling molecules. They also induce positive (inward) membrane curvature by way of oligomerization, and hairpin insertion. Various classes of signaling molecules, including G-protein subunits, receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and small GTPases, bind Cav-1 through its 'caveolin-scaffolding domain'.
The caveolin gene family has three members in vertebrates: CAV1, CAV2, and CAV3, coding for the proteins caveolin-1, caveolin-2, and caveolin-3, respectively. All three members are membrane proteins with similar structure. Caveolin forms oligomers and associates with cholesterol and sphingolipids in certain areas of the cell membrane, leading to the formation of caveolae.
^Tang Z, Scherer PE, Okamoto T, Song K, Chu C, Kohtz DS, Nishimoto I, Lodish HF, Lisanti MP (January 1996). "Molecular cloning of caveolin-3, a novel member of the caveolin gene family expressed predominantly in muscle". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (4): 2255–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.4.2255. PMID 8567687.
^Scherer PE, Okamoto T, Chun M, Nishimoto I, Lodish HF, Lisanti MP (January 1996). "Identification, sequence, and expression of caveolin-2 defines a caveolin gene family". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (1): 131–5. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93..131S. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.131. PMC 40192. PMID 8552590.
In molecular biology, caveolins are a family of integral membrane proteins that are the principal components of caveolae membranes and involved in receptor-independent...
Caveolin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAV1 gene. The scaffolding protein encoded by this gene is the main component of the caveolae...
caveolins associate with lipid rafts and form oligomers (14-16 molecules). These oligomerized caveolins form the caveolae. The presence of caveolin leads...
discovered the clathrin coat molecule in 1976. Caveolin proteins like caveolin-1 (CAV1), caveolin-2 (CAV2), and caveolin-3 (CAV3), play significant roles in the...
Caveolin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAV3 gene. Alternative splicing has been identified for this locus, with inclusion or exclusion...
Caveolin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAV2 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a major component of the inner surface of caveolae...
possibly related to overexpression (hypomethylation) of caveolin 1 and caveolin 2. Caveolin is, paradoxically, tumour-promoting in IBC. NF-κB pathway...
glycolipid- and cholesterol-enriched membrane (GEM) rafts. It interacts with caveolin-1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000144063 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:...
as well as in hepatocytes; it blocks aminopeptidase N and interrupts a caveolin 1–annexin A2 complex involved in trafficking cholesterol. Within 4–12 hours...
into basal epithelial cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and/or caveolin-mediated endocytosis depending on the type of HPV. At this point, the viral...
and direct interaction of eNOS with caveolin-1. The binding of calcium-activated calmodulin to eNOS displaces caveolin-1 and activates eNOS. However, more...
by the virion glycoprotein VP1. Penetration into the cell is through a caveolin vesicle. Inside the cell nucleus, the cellular RNA polymerase II acts to...
form at the plasma membrane for this pathway, including ones utilising caveolin. Vesicles also transport molecules directly back to the plasma membrane...
Mediates Bacterial Invasion through Ku70 in an Actin, c-Cbl, Clathrin and Caveolin 2-Dependent Manner". Cellular Microbiology. 11 (4): 629–644. doi:10.1111/j...
protein, caveolin-3. Caveolins form specific membrane domains called caveolae in which voltage-gated sodium channels sit. Similar to LQT3, these caveolin variants...
to caveolae, a plasma membrane domain primarily composed of the protein caveolin 1, and to the Golgi apparatus. These two eNOS populations are distinct...
in most cases (heritable in some cases) Heritable (BMPR2, ALK1, SMAD9, caveolin 1, KCNK3 mutations) Drug- and toxin-induced (e.g., methamphetamine, amphetamine...
the cell and entering it by endocytosis mediated by either clathrin or caveolin-1. HBV initially binds to heparin sulfate proteoglycan. The pre-S1 segment...
SEC23A/SEC24A SEC13/SEC31 Small GTPase: SAR1A RME/Clathrin CLTA CLTB CLTC Caveolae Caveolin (CAV1 CAV2 CAV3) Other/ungrouped See also vesicular transport protein disorders...
of molecules within a vesicle. Examples include: Archain ARFs Clathrin Caveolin Dynamin and related proteins, such as the EHD protein family Rab proteins...
2009). "Amyloid beta-protein stimulates trafficking of cholesterol and caveolin-1 from the plasma membrane to the Golgi complex in mouse primary astrocytes"...
have been suggested for Ebolavirus such as phagocytosis and clathrin and caveolin mediated endocytosis. However, Nanbo et al. (2010) and Saeed et al. (2010)...
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