A mammary tumor is a neoplasm originating in the mammary gland. It is a common finding in older female dogs and cats that are not spayed, but they are found in other animals as well. The mammary glands in dogs and cats are associated with their nipples and extend from the underside of the chest to the groin on both sides of the midline. There are many differences between mammary tumors in animals and breast cancer in humans, including tumor type, malignancy, and treatment options. The prevalence in dogs is about three times that of women.[1] In dogs, mammary tumors are the second most common tumor (after skin tumors) over all and the most common tumor in female dogs[2] with a reported incidence of 3.4%.[3] Multiple studies have documented that spaying female dogs when young greatly decreases their risk of developing mammary neoplasia when aged. Compared with female dogs left intact, those spayed before puberty have 0.5% of the risk, those spayed after one estrous cycle have 8.0% of the risk, and dogs spayed after two estrous cycles have 26.0% of the risk of developing mammary neoplasia later in life. Overall, unspayed female dogs have a seven times greater risk of developing mammary neoplasia than do those that are spayed. While the benefit of spaying decreases with each estrous cycle, some benefit has been demonstrated in female dogs even up to 9 years of age.[3] There is a much lower risk (about 1 percent) in male dogs and a risk in cats about half that of dogs.[4]
^"Mammary Tumors: Introduction". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
^Benjamin S, Lee A, Saunders W (1999). "Classification and behavior of canine mammary epithelial neoplasms based on life-span observations in beagles". Vet Pathol. 36 (5): 423–36. doi:10.1354/vp.36-5-423. PMID 10490210.
^ ab"Determining The Best Age At Which To Spay Or Neuter". 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2010-12-22.
^Kirpensteijn, Jolle; Rutteman, Gerard R. (2006). "Practical treatment of mammary neoplasia" (PDF). Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
A mammarytumor is a neoplasm originating in the mammary gland. It is a common finding in older female dogs and cats that are not spayed, but they are...
Mouse mammarytumor virus (MMTV) is a milk-transmitted retrovirus like the HTL viruses, HI viruses, and BLV. It belongs to the genus Betaretrovirus. MMTV...
(HBRV), also known as Human mammarytumor virus, or Mouse mammarytumor-like virus is the human homologue of the Mouse mammarytumor virus (MMTV). The nomenclature...
A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in humans and other mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring. Mammals get their name from the Latin word...
manipulated to develop a mammarytumor leading to distant focal lesions of mammary epithelium created by metastasis. Mammary cancers in mice can be caused...
activator, PA1-1 and SCD1 for assessing prognosis.[medical citation needed] Mammarytumor for breast cancer in other animals Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis...
incidence of tumors and dysplasias. Other significant risk factors were a high intake of red meat, especially beef and pork (...) We found mammarytumor risk...
the cat. This is a sign that the cat is suffering from anxiety. Mammary gland tumors are the third common type of cancer in older female cats, with the...
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine (hormonal) and nervous systems. They most commonly occur in the intestine...
Shope papilloma virus. In 1936 John Joseph Bittner identified the mouse mammarytumor virus, an "extrachromosomal factor" (i.e. virus) that could be transmitted...
four sublines derived from the 410.4 tumor that was isolated from a single spontaneously arising mammarytumor. 4T1 resembles human metastatic triple-negative...
or adenocarcinomata /ˌædɪnoʊkɑːrsɪˈnoʊmətə/; AC) is a type of cancerous tumor that can occur in several parts of the body. It is defined as neoplasia...
the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor. The newly pathological sites, then, are metastases (mets). It is generally...
called an activated oncogene (v-Ha-ras under the control of the mouse mammarytumor virus promoter). The activated oncogene significantly increases the...
example, mice have mouse mammarytumor virus (MMTV), which is a retrovirus. This virus passes to newborn mice through mammary milk. When they are 6 months...
A carcinoid (also carcinoid tumor) is a slow-growing type of neuroendocrine tumor originating in the cells of the neuroendocrine system. In some cases...
viruses are the type D.[citation needed] Examples are Mouse mammarytumor virus, enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV-1, ENTV-2), and simian retrovirus types 1...
different substems for tumor targets, depending on the type of tumor. Because many antibodies are investigated for several tumor types, the new convention...
PanNETs are a type of neuroendocrine tumor, representing about one-third of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). Many PanNETs are benign...
"Estrogen receptor-negative/progesterone receptor-positive Evsa-T mammarytumor cells: a model for assessing the biological property of this peculiar...
Klopfleisch R (2011). "Potential markers for detection of circulating canine mammarytumor cells in the peripheral blood". Vet. J. 190 (1): 165–8. doi:10.1016/j...
to predict for every individual. However, general factors such as high tumor grade, stage, receptor negativity, BRCA1-positivity suggest higher risk...
and form a branched system connecting the nipple to the lobules of the mammary gland. When lactogenesis occurs, under the influence of hormones, the milk...
body fibromatosis or Reye tumor Fibroma of tendon sheath Desmoplastic fibroblastoma, also termed collagenous fibroma. Mammary-type myofibroblastoma Myofibrobastoma...
2009). "Combined treatment of gamma-tocotrienol with statins induce mammarytumor cell cycle arrest in G1". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 234 (6):...
that spayed female rats ("does") are less likely to develop mammary and pituitary tumors than intact females. Research into prevention of common diseases...
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