Percentage of people infected with hepatitis C in 2015. The hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C and some cancers such as liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, abbreviated HCC) and lymphomas in humans.[1][2][3]
An oncovirus or oncogenic virus is a virus that can cause cancer.[4] This term originated from studies of acutely transforming retroviruses in the 1950–60s,[5] when the term "oncornaviruses" was used to denote their RNA virus origin.[6] With the letters "RNA" removed, it now refers to any virus with a DNA or RNA genome causing cancer and is synonymous with "tumor virus" or "cancer virus". The vast majority of human and animal viruses do not cause cancer, probably because of longstanding co-evolution between the virus and its host. Oncoviruses have been important not only in epidemiology, but also in investigations of cell cycle control mechanisms such as the retinoblastoma protein.
The World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer estimated that in 2002, infection caused 17.8% of human cancers, with 11.9% caused by one of seven viruses.[7] A 2020 study of 2,658 samples from 38 different types of cancer found that 16% were associated with a virus.[8] These cancers might be easily prevented through vaccination (e.g., papillomavirus vaccines), diagnosed with simple blood tests, and treated with less-toxic antiviral compounds.
^Ferri C, Sebastiani M, Giuggioli D, Colaci M, Fallahi P, Piluso A, et al. (March 2015). "Hepatitis C virus syndrome: A constellation of organ- and non-organ specific autoimmune disorders, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancer". World Journal of Hepatology. 7 (3): 327–343. doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.327. PMC 4381161. PMID 25848462.
^Rusyn I, Lemon SM (April 2014). "Mechanisms of HCV-induced liver cancer: what did we learn from in vitro and animal studies?". Cancer Letters. 345 (2): 210–215. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2013.06.028. PMC 3844040. PMID 23871966.
^ACS Medical and Editorial Content Team (30 July 2020). "Viruses that can lead to cancer". www.cancer.org. American Cancer Society. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
^Chang Y, Moore PS, Weiss RA (October 2017). "Human oncogenic viruses: nature and discovery". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 372 (1732). Royal Society Publishing: 1–9. doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0264. JSTOR 44679143. PMC 5597731. PMID 28893931.
^Valladares Y (1960). "Studies on cancerous pathogenesis. Production of leukemia and polycythemia vera by means of cancerous nucleoproteins from tissue cultures". Medicina Experimentalis. 2: 309–316. doi:10.1159/000134890. PMID 13779782.
^
Herberman RB (2012). "12: Immunology of Oncornaviruses". In Nahmias AJ, O'Reilly RJ (eds.). Immunology of Human Infection: Part II: Viruses and Parasites; Immunodiagnosis and Prevention of Infectious Diseases. Comprehensive Immunology. Vol. 9 (reprint ed.). New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation. pp. 273, 275. ISBN 9781468410129. Retrieved 20 October 2016. Viruses known as oncogenic RNA viruses or oncornaviruses have been described in a wide variety of vertebrate species [...] there have been very few, if any, completely convincing examples of isolation of human oncornaviruses.
^Parkin DM (June 2006). "The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002". International Journal of Cancer. 118 (12): 3030–3044. doi:10.1002/ijc.21731. PMID 16404738. S2CID 10042384.
^Zapatka M, Borozan I, Brewer DS, Iskar M, Grundhoff A, Alawi M, et al. (March 2020). "The landscape of viral associations in human cancers". Nature Genetics. 52 (3): 320–330. doi:10.1038/s41588-019-0558-9. PMC 8076016. PMID 32025001.
An oncovirus or oncogenic virus is a virus that can cause cancer. This term originated from studies of acutely transforming retroviruses in the 1950–60s...
individuals without the involvement of an infectious agent, such as an Oncovirus. The evolution of transmissible cancer has occurred naturally in other...
Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) (/raʊs/) is a retrovirus and is the first oncovirus to have been described. It causes sarcoma in chickens. As with all retroviruses...
Carcinogen Tumor suppressor genes/oncogenes Clonally transmissible cancer Oncovirus Carcinogenic bacteria Misc. Research Index of oncology articles History...
including both RNA and DNA viruses, and so there is no single type of "oncovirus" (an obsolete term originally used for acutely transforming retroviruses)...
Organization. Medicine portal Viruses portal Infectious causes of cancer Oncovirus "Hepatitis B Fact Sheet". World Health Organization. 24 June 2022. Archived...
cervical and liver cancer. A virus that can cause cancer is called an oncovirus. These include human papillomavirus (cervical carcinoma), Epstein–Barr...
Carcinogen Tumor suppressor genes/oncogenes Clonally transmissible cancer Oncovirus Carcinogenic bacteria Misc. Research Index of oncology articles History...
now divided into two: Orthoretrovirinae and Spumaretrovirinae. The term oncovirus is now commonly used to describe a cancer-causing virus. This family now...
having lower CD4+ T cell counts. Hepatitis B vaccine Nucleoside analogues Oncovirus (cancer virus) Ryu WS (2017). Molecular Virology of Human Pathogenic Viruses...
Prior to this 'koala retrovirus' was used to refer to an unidentified oncovirus detected in cancer-affected koalas. KoRV has been shown to be capable...
papillomatosis virus is not related to fibroma or myxoma in rabbits. Oncovirus – cancer virus Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shope papilloma...
Carcinogen Tumor suppressor genes/oncogenes Clonally transmissible cancer Oncovirus Carcinogenic bacteria Misc. Research Index of oncology articles History...
of cancer List of human diseases associated with infectious pathogens Oncovirus Alfarouk KO, Bashir AH, Aljarbou AN, Ramadan AM, Muddathir AK, AlHoufie...
benefit for the combination of everolimus and pasireotide. Hemihypertrophy Oncovirus Portal hypertension Shetty S, Sharma N, Ghosh K (March 2016). "Epidemiology...
the Friend leukemia virus. She helped to establish the concept of the oncovirus, studied the role of the host immune response in disease development,...
virus amoeba or amoebiasis Cancer bacteria Emerging Pathogens Institute Oncovirus List of clinically important bacteria Lists of diseases List of human...
Carcinogen Tumor suppressor genes/oncogenes Clonally transmissible cancer Oncovirus Carcinogenic bacteria Misc. Research Index of oncology articles History...
Australia and New Zealand. A virus that can cause cancer is called an oncovirus or tumor virus. These include the human papillomavirus, which is associated...
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