Haloperidol decanoate, sold under the brand name Haldol Decanoate among others, is a typical antipsychotic which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia.[2][3][4][5] It is administered by injection into muscle at a dose of 100 to 200 mg once every 4 weeks or monthly.[6][7][8] The dorsogluteal site is recommended.[6] A 3.75-cm (1.5-inch), 21-gauge needle is generally used, but obese individuals may require a 6.5-cm (2.5-inch) needle to ensure that the drug is indeed injected intramuscularly and not subcutaneously.[6] Haloperidol decanoate is provided in the form of 50 or 100 mg/mL oil solution of sesame oil and benzyl alcohol in ampoules or pre-filled syringes.[6][7][9] Its elimination half-life after multiple doses is 21 days.[10][11] The medication is marketed in many countries throughout the world.[3][12]
v
t
e
Pharmacokinetics of long-acting injectable antipsychotics
Medication
Brand name
Class
Vehicle
Dosage
Tmax
t1/2 single
t1/2 multiple
logPc
Ref
Aripiprazole lauroxil
Aristada
Atypical
Watera
441–1064 mg/4–8 weeks
24–35 days
?
54–57 days
7.9–10.0
Aripiprazole monohydrate
Abilify Maintena
Atypical
Watera
300–400 mg/4 weeks
7 days
?
30–47 days
4.9–5.2
Bromperidol decanoate
Impromen Decanoas
Typical
Sesame oil
40–300 mg/4 weeks
3–9 days
?
21–25 days
7.9
[13]
Clopentixol decanoate
Sordinol Depot
Typical
Viscoleob
50–600 mg/1–4 weeks
4–7 days
?
19 days
9.0
[14]
Flupentixol decanoate
Depixol
Typical
Viscoleob
10–200 mg/2–4 weeks
4–10 days
8 days
17 days
7.2–9.2
[14][15]
Fluphenazine decanoate
Prolixin Decanoate
Typical
Sesame oil
12.5–100 mg/2–5 weeks
1–2 days
1–10 days
14–100 days
7.2–9.0
[16][17][18]
Fluphenazine enanthate
Prolixin Enanthate
Typical
Sesame oil
12.5–100 mg/1–4 weeks
2–3 days
4 days
?
6.4–7.4
[17]
Fluspirilene
Imap, Redeptin
Typical
Watera
2–12 mg/1 week
1–8 days
7 days
?
5.2–5.8
[19]
Haloperidol decanoate
Haldol Decanoate
Typical
Sesame oil
20–400 mg/2–4 weeks
3–9 days
18–21 days
7.2–7.9
[20][21]
Olanzapine pamoate
Zyprexa Relprevv
Atypical
Watera
150–405 mg/2–4 weeks
7 days
?
30 days
–
Oxyprothepin decanoate
Meclopin
Typical
?
?
?
?
?
8.5–8.7
Paliperidone palmitate
Invega Sustenna
Atypical
Watera
39–819 mg/4–12 weeks
13–33 days
25–139 days
?
8.1–10.1
Perphenazine decanoate
Trilafon Dekanoat
Typical
Sesame oil
50–200 mg/2–4 weeks
?
?
27 days
8.9
Perphenazine enanthate
Trilafon Enanthate
Typical
Sesame oil
25–200 mg/2 weeks
2–3 days
?
4–7 days
6.4–7.2
[22]
Pipotiazine palmitate
Piportil Longum
Typical
Viscoleob
25–400 mg/4 weeks
9–10 days
?
14–21 days
8.5–11.6
[15]
Pipotiazine undecylenate
Piportil Medium
Typical
Sesame oil
100–200 mg/2 weeks
?
?
?
8.4
Risperidone
Risperdal Consta
Atypical
Microspheres
12.5–75 mg/2 weeks
21 days
?
3–6 days
–
Zuclopentixol acetate
Clopixol Acuphase
Typical
Viscoleob
50–200 mg/1–3 days
1–2 days
1–2 days
4.7–4.9
Zuclopentixol decanoate
Clopixol Depot
Typical
Viscoleob
50–800 mg/2–4 weeks
4–9 days
?
11–21 days
7.5–9.0
Note: All by intramuscular injection. Footnotes:a = Microcrystalline or nanocrystalline aqueous suspension. b = Low-viscosity vegetable oil (specifically fractionated coconut oil with medium-chain triglycerides). c = Predicted, from PubChem and DrugBank. Sources:Main: See template.
^"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
^Elks J (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. pp. 619–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3.
^ abIndex Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. 2000. pp. 509–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1.
^Kleemann A, Engel J, Kutscher B, Reichert D (2009). "Haloperidol decanoate". Pharmaceutical Substances: Syntheses, Patents and Applications of the most relevant APIs (5th ed.). Thieme. pp. 1376–. ISBN 978-3-13-179525-0.
^Morton IK, Hall JM (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 139–. ISBN 978-94-011-4439-1.
^ abcdPagliaro LA, Pagliaro AM (1999). Psychologists' Psychotropic Drug Reference. Psychology Press. pp. 260–. ISBN 978-0-87630-964-3.
^ abWyatt RJ, Chew RH (20 May 2008). Wyatt's Practical Psychiatric Practice: Forms and Protocols for Clinical Use. American Psychiatric Pub. pp. 142–. ISBN 978-1-58562-687-8.
^Fortinash KM, Worret PA (13 June 2014). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 572–. ISBN 978-0-323-29327-3.
^Lee M, Desai A (2007). Gibaldi's Drug Delivery Systems in Pharmaceutical Care. ASHP. pp. 281–. ISBN 978-1-58528-136-7.
^Davis JM, Matalon L, Watanabe MD, Blake L, Metalon L (May 1994). "Depot antipsychotic drugs. Place in therapy". Drugs. 47 (5): 741–773. doi:10.2165/00003495-199447050-00004. PMID 7520856. S2CID 46962898.
^Zuidema J, Pieters FA, Duchateau GS (1988). "Release and absorption rate aspects of intramuscularly injected pharmaceuticals". International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 47 (1–3): 1–12. doi:10.1016/0378-5173(88)90209-8. ISSN 0378-5173.
^"Haloperidol Uses, Side Effects & Warnings".
^Parent M, Toussaint C, Gilson H (1983). "Long-term treatment of chronic psychotics with bromperidol decanoate: clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation". Current Therapeutic Research. 34 (1): 1–6.
^ abJørgensen A, Overø KF (1980). "Clopenthixol and flupenthixol depot preparations in outpatient schizophrenics. III. Serum levels". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 279: 41–54. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1980.tb07082.x. PMID 6931472.
^ abReynolds JE (1993). "Anxiolytic sedatives, hypnotics and neuroleptics.". Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (30th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. pp. 364–623.
^Ereshefsky L, Saklad SR, Jann MW, Davis CM, Richards A, Seidel DR (May 1984). "Future of depot neuroleptic therapy: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 45 (5 Pt 2): 50–9. PMID 6143748.
^ abCurry SH, Whelpton R, de Schepper PJ, Vranckx S, Schiff AA (April 1979). "Kinetics of fluphenazine after fluphenazine dihydrochloride, enanthate and decanoate administration to man". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 7 (4): 325–31. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00941.x. PMC 1429660. PMID 444352.
^Young D, Ereshefsky L, Saklad SR, Jann MW, Garcia N (1984). Explaining the pharmacokinetics of fluphenazine through computer simulations. (Abstract.). 19th Annual Midyear Clinical Meeting of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Dallas, Texas.
^Janssen PA, Niemegeers CJ, Schellekens KH, Lenaerts FM, Verbruggen FJ, van Nueten JM, Marsboom RH, Hérin VV, Schaper WK (November 1970). "The pharmacology of fluspirilene (R 6218), a potent, long-acting and injectable neuroleptic drug". Arzneimittel-Forschung. 20 (11): 1689–98. PMID 4992598.
^Beresford R, Ward A (January 1987). "Haloperidol decanoate. A preliminary review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in psychosis". Drugs. 33 (1): 31–49. doi:10.2165/00003495-198733010-00002. PMID 3545764.
^Reyntigens AJ, Heykants JJ, Woestenborghs RJ, Gelders YG, Aerts TJ (1982). "Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol decanoate. A 2-year follow-up". International Pharmacopsychiatry. 17 (4): 238–46. doi:10.1159/000468580. PMID 7185768.
^Larsson M, Axelsson R, Forsman A (1984). "On the pharmacokinetics of perphenazine: a clinical study of perphenazine enanthate and decanoate". Current Therapeutic Research. 36 (6): 1071–88.
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