Min Chinese dialects spoken on the island of Hainan
For the Hainanese people, see Hainan people. For the Kra-Dai languages, see Hlai languages and Be language.
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Hainanese
Qiongwen
海南話, Hhai3 nam2 ue1, Hái-nâm-oe
Pronunciation
[hai˨˩˧nam˨˩ue˨˧] (Haikou dialect)
Native to
China, Singapore, Thailand
Region
Hainan
Ethnicity
Hainanese
Native speakers
Around 5 million in China (2002)[1]
Language family
Sino-Tibetan
Sinitic
Chinese
Min
Coastal Min
Qiong–Lei
Hainanese
Early forms
Proto-Sino-Tibetan
Old Chinese[a]
Proto-Min
Dialects
Haikou
Wenchang
Qionghai
Wanning
Lingshui
Sanya
Writing system
Chinese characters[citation needed]
Hainanese Pinyin
Hainan Romanized
Language codes
ISO 639-3
(hnm is proposed[5])
Glottolog
hain1238
Linguasphere
79-AAA-k
Hainanese
Varieties of the Hainanese spoken in Hainan.
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The Book of Genesis in Bǽh-oe-tu, published by the Bible Society of Great Britain
Hainanese (Hainan Romanised: Hái-nâm-oe, Hainanese Pinyin: Hhai3 nam2 ue1, simplified Chinese: 海南话; traditional Chinese: 海南話; pinyin: Hǎinánhuà), also known as Qiongwen (simplified Chinese: 琼文; traditional Chinese: 瓊文) or Qiongyu (琼语; 瓊語),[6] is a group of Min Chinese varieties spoken in the southern Chinese island province of Hainan and Overseas Chinese such as Malaysia. In the classification of Yuan Jiahua, it was included in the Southern Min group, being mutually unintelligible with other Southern Min varieties such as Hokkien–Taiwanese and Teochew.[7] In the classification of Li Rong, used by the Language Atlas of China, it was treated as a separate Min subgroup.[8] Hou Jingyi combined it with Leizhou Min, spoken on the neighboring mainland Leizhou Peninsula, in a Qiong–Lei group.[9] "Hainanese" is also used for the language of the Li people living in Hainan, but generally refers to Min varieties spoken in Hainan.
^Hou, Jingyi 侯精一 (2002). Xiàndài Hànyǔ fāngyán gàilùn 现代汉语方言概论 [An Introduction to Modern Chinese Dialects]. Shanghai Educational Press 上海教育出版社. pp. 207–208.
^Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
^Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
^"Change Request Documentation: 2021-045". 31 August 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
^"为新加坡琼属"寻根"的热心人——王振春". Hainan.gov (in Chinese). 中新海南网. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2020. 他组织演出琼语话剧《海南四条街》，搬上新琼舞台，引起两地海南人的共鸣。
^Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2017). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (20th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Chinese, Min Nan.
^Kurpaska, Maria (2010). Chinese Language(s): A Look Through the Prism of "The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects". Walter de Gruyter. pp. 54–55, 86. ISBN 978-3-11-021914-2.
^Hou, Jingyi 侯精一 (2002). Xiàndài Hànyǔ fāngyán gàilùn 现代汉语方言概论 [An Introduction to Modern Chinese Dialects]. Shanghai Educational Press 上海教育出版社. p. 238.
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Hainanese chicken rice is a dish of poached chicken and seasoned rice, served with chilli sauce and usually with cucumber garnishes. It was created by...
people (Chinese: 海南人), also known as Hainam nang (pronounced in Hainanese) or Hainanese people, is a geographic term referring to the natives of Hainan...
Hainanese curry rice is a Singaporean dish consisting of steamed white rice smothered with curries and gravy, characteristically accompanied by curry...
Department in 1960 for transliterating Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka and Hainanese. The schemes utilized similar elements with some differences in order...
alongside coffee and soft-boiled eggs. The dish was believed to be created by Hainanese immigrants to the Straits Settlements in the 19th century while serving...
Hainanese chicken rice (海南鸡饭; Hǎinán jī fàn) is based on the Hainanese dish Wenchang chicken. It is considered Singapore's national dish. Hainanese curry...
popular in China, Malaysia, and Singapore Hainanese chicken rice, a Singaporean dish created by Hainanese immigrants KFC rice, a Japanese dish of rice...
The Hainanese Transliteration Scheme (Chinese: 海南話拼音方案) is a romanization scheme developed by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in September...
reform program. The Han Chinese population compose the majority of the Hainanese population at 82% and speak a wide variety of languages including Standard...
featured in some South Asian cuisines (such as Tamil cuisine) and in Hainanese cuisine from China. Pandanus amaryllifolius is a true cultigen, and is...
Malaysian family restaurant chain established in June 2000, specializing in Hainanese chicken rice and Malaysian cuisine. The brand's focus is on serving traditional...
Zhongshan people 中山閩人 (Zhongshan Min) Zhenan Min 浙南閩人 (Southern Min) Hainanese people 海南人 (Qiong–Lei Min) Thirty-six families from Min Hoklo Taiwanese...
countries. During the 19th and 20th century, a significant amount of Hainanese decided to move south – which was then widely known as Nanyang (南洋) –...
identified themselves as speakers of a variant of Chinese (Teochew, Hokkien, Hainanese, Cantonese, or Hakka). The Teochew dialect has served as the language...
as Wenchang City. Wenchang, or in local Hainanese dialect as Boon Siou, is the source of most overseas Hainanese migrants, with the majority of Thailand...
influence of Chinese culture such as the Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, and Hainanese cultures is more evident in the north where Buddhism is strongly entwined...
as well as Hainan is Hainanese and is not mutually intelligible with mainstream Southern Min or Teochew.[citation needed] Hainanese is classified in some...
its specific region of ancestral origin in China; Cantonese, Hokkien, Hainanese, Teochew and Hakka. Chinese immigrants were required to register with...
Thongkham, Chaomae Thapthim) is a Hainan goddess that is worshiped by the Hainanese around the world, especially they who lives on the waterfront area. She...
toast), soft-boiled eggs and coffee. Killiney Kopitiam was founded by Hainanese immigrants in 1919 and starting their business along the busy streets...
Hainan cuisine, or Hainanese cuisine, is derived from the cooking styles of the peoples of Hainan Province in China. The food is lighter, less oily, and...
Chinese Cantonese Hakka Fujianese Hokkien Medan Riau Tiochiu Hainanese Hinghwa Fuzhounese Mandarin European Dutch English Portuguese Indian Bengali Gujarati...
transliteration: Ngah Choi Kai; or Malay: Taugeh Ayam) is a dish similar to Hainanese chicken rice, the only difference being the dish comes with a plate of...
Communities speaking Eastern Min, Pu-Xian Min, Haklau Min, Leizhou Min, and Hainanese can also be found in parts of the Chinese diaspora, such as in Malaysia...
of Mandarin. Other Chinese varieties such as Hokkien, Teochew, Hakka, Hainanese and Cantonese have been classified by the Government as "dialects", and...
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