Global InformationVietnam information
Socialist Republic of Vietnam Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam (Vietnamese) | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Emblem
| |
| Motto: Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc "Independence – Freedom – Happiness" | |
| Anthem: Tiến Quân Ca "Army March" | |
  Location of Vietnam (green) in ASEAN (dark grey) | |
| Capital | Hanoi 21°2′N 105°51′E / 21.033°N 105.850°E |
| Largest city | Ho Chi Minh City 10°48′N 106°39′E / 10.800°N 106.650°E |
| Official language | Vietnamese[1] |
| Ethnic groups (2019) |
|
| Religion (2019) |
|
| Demonym(s) | Vietnamese Viet (colloquial) |
| Government | Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic[5] |
• General Secretary | Nguyễn Phú Trọng |
• President | Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (acting) |
• Prime Minister | Phạm Minh Chính |
• National Assembly Chairman | Vương Đình Huệ |
| Legislature | National Assembly |
| Formation | |
• Văn Lang | 7th century BC |
• Âu Lạc | 3th century BC |
• Han's annexation | 111 BC |
• Independence from China | 939 |
• Regaining independence | 1428 |
• Nguyễn's unification | 1802 |
• Protectorate Treaty | 25 August 1883 |
• Declaration of Independence | 2 September 1945 |
• North–South division | 21 July 1954 |
• End of Vietnam War | 30 April 1975 |
• Reunification | 2 July 1976 |
• Đổi Mới | 18 December 1986 |
• Current constitution | 28 November 2013[b] |
| Area | |
• Total | 331,344.82[7][c] km2 (127,932.95 sq mi) (66th) |
• Water (%) | 6.38 |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 100,300,000[10][11] (15th) |
• 2019 census | 96,208,984[2] |
• Density | 298/km2 (771.8/sq mi) (49th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total |  $1.559 trillion[12] (26th) |
• Per capita | $15,470[12] (106th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $465.814 billion[12] (35th) |
• Per capita | $4,623[12] (119th) |
| Gini (2018) |  35.7[13]medium |
| HDI (2022) | 0.726[14] high (107th) |
| Currency | Vietnamese đồng (₫) (VND) |
| Time zone | UTC+07:00 (Vietnam Standard Time) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +84 |
| ISO 3166 code | VN |
| Internet TLD | .vn |
Vietnam,[d][e] officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV),[f] is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about 331,000 square kilometres (128,000 sq mi) and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country. Vietnam shares land borders with China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west. It shares maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia through the South China Sea. Its capital is Hanoi and its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City (commonly referred to by its former name, Saigon).
Vietnam was inhabited by the Paleolithic age, with states established in the first millennium BC on the Red River Delta in modern-day northern Vietnam. The Han dynasty annexed Northern and Central Vietnam under Chinese rule from 111 BC, until the first dynasty emerged in 939. Successive monarchical dynasties absorbed Chinese influences through Confucianism and Buddhism, and expanded southward to the Mekong Delta, conquering Champa. During most of the 17th and 18th centuries, Vietnam was effectively divided into two domains of Đàng Trong and Đàng Ngoài. The Nguyễn—the last imperial dynasty—surrendered to France in 1883. In 1887, its territory was integrated into French Indochina as three separate regions. In the immediate aftermath of World War II, the nationalist coalition Viet Minh, led by the communist revolutionary Ho Chi Minh, launched the August Revolution and declared Vietnam's independence in 1945.
Vietnam went through prolonged warfare in the 20th century. After World War II, France returned to reclaim colonial power in the First Indochina War, from which Vietnam emerged victorious in 1954. As a result of the treaties signed between the Viet Minh and France, Vietnam was also separated into two parts. The Vietnam War began shortly after, between the communist North Vietnam, supported by the Soviet Union and China, and the anti-communist South Vietnam, supported by the United States. Upon the North Vietnamese victory in 1975, Vietnam reunified as a unitary socialist state under the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in 1976. An ineffective planned economy, a trade embargo by the West, and wars with Cambodia and China crippled the country further. In 1986, the CPV initiated economic and political reforms similar to the Chinese economic reform, transforming the country to a socialist-oriented market economy. The reforms facilitated Vietnamese reintegration into the global economy and politics.
Vietnam is a developing country with a lower-middle-income economy. It has high levels of corruption, censorship, environmental issues and a poor human rights record; the country ranks among the lowest in international measurements of civil liberties, freedom of the press, and freedom of religion and ethnic minorities. It is part of international and intergovernmental institutions including the ASEAN, the APEC, the CPTPP, the Non-Aligned Movement, the OIF, and the WTO. It has assumed a seat on the United Nations Security Council twice.
- ^ "Vietnam". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 18 April 2023. Retrieved 27 April 2023.
- ^ a b c General Statistics Office of Vietnam 2019.
- ^ 2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Vietnam (Report). Office of International Religious Freedom, United States Department of State. 2022. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ Vietnam Government Committee for Religious Affairs, 2018, cited in "2019 Report on International Religious Freedom: Vietnam". United States Department of State.
- ^ "Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam". FAOLEX Database. Food and Agriculture Organization.
The Constitution defines Vietnam as [having] a socialist rule of law, State of the people, by the people, and for the people. Vietnam is a unitary state ruled by [a] one-party system with coordination among State bodies in exercising legislative, executive and judicial rights.
- ^ Việt Nam News 2014.
- ^ "Phê duyệt và công bố kết quả thống kê diện tích đất đai năm 2022" [Approval and announcement of land area statistics for 2022]. Decision No. 3048/QĐ-BTNMT of 18 October 2023 (PDF) (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Vietnam).[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Vietnam". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 17 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Vietnam country profile". BBC News. 24 February 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ Socio-economic situation in the fourth quarter and 2023 (Report). General Statistics Office of Vietnam. 29 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ^ An Chi (31 December 2023). "Dân số trung bình của Việt Nam năm 2023 đạt 100,3 triệu người" [Vietnam's Average Population Reaches 100.3 Million People in 2023]. Nhân Dân (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 12 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Vietnam)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ World Bank 2018c.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. p. 289. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
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