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Southern Min
Hoklo-Taiwanese
閩南語; 闽南语
Bàn-lâm-gú
Ethnicity
Hoklo people
Teo-Swa people
Geographic distribution
Fujian
Chaoshan[a] and Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong
extreme south of Zhejiang
much of Hainan (Hainanese)
most of Taiwan
parts of Malaysia
Singapore
Philippines
Thailand
Indonesia
Hong Kong
Brunei
Cambodia
Myanmar
Vietnam
Linguistic classification
Sino-Tibetan
Sinitic
Chinese
Min
Coastal Min
Southern Min
Early forms
Proto-Sino-Tibetan
Old Chinese[b]
Proto-Min
Subdivisions
Hokkien (Quanzhang or Tsuan-Tsiang; e.g. Amoy, Taiwanese, Singaporean)
Chaoshan (Teo-Swa; e.g. Kekyeo, Teochew and Swatow)
Zhenan
Datian (transitional)
Sanxiang (Sahiu)
Hailufeng (Haklau)
ISO 639-3
nan
Linguasphere
79-AAA-j
Glottolog
minn1241
Southern Min in mainland China and Taiwan
Subgroups of Southern Min in mainland China and Taiwan
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese
闽南语
Traditional Chinese
閩南語
Literal meaning
"Language of Southern Min [Fujian]"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Mǐnnányǔ
Wade–Giles
Min3-nan2 yü3
IPA
[mìnnǎn ỳ]
Gan
Romanization
Mîn-lōm-ngî
Hakka
Romanization
Mîn-nàm-ngî
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Máhn-nàahm yúh
Jyutping
Man5-naam4 jyu5
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ
Bân-lâm-gí/Bân-lâm-gú
Eastern Min
Fuzhou BUC
Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄
Northern Min
Jian'ou Romanized
Mâing-nâng-ngṳ̌
Notes
^Chaozhou–Shantou
^Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]
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Southern Min (simplified Chinese: 闽南语; traditional Chinese: 閩南語; pinyin: Mǐnnányǔ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-lâm-gí/gú; lit. 'Southern Min language'), Minnan (Mandarin pronunciation: [mìn.nǎn]) or Banlam (Min Nan Chinese pronunciation:[bàn.lǎm]), is a group of linguistically similar and historically related Chinese languages that form a branch of Min Chinese spoken in Fujian (especially the Minnan region), most of Taiwan (many citizens are descendants of settlers from Fujian), Eastern Guangdong, Hainan, and Southern Zhejiang.[4] Southern Min dialects are also spoken by descendants of emigrants from these areas in diaspora, most notably in Southeast Asia, such as Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Brunei, Southern Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Southern and Central Vietnam, San Francisco, Los Angeles and New York City. Minnan is the most widely-spoken branch of Min, with approximately 48 million speakers as of 2017–2018.[5]
The most widely spoken Southern Min language is Hokkien, which includes Taiwanese.
Other varieties of Southern Min have significant differences from Hokkien, some having limited mutual intelligibility with it, others almost none. Teochew, Longyan, and Zhenan are said to have general mutual intelligibility with Hokkien, sharing similar phonology and vocabulary to a large extent.[6] On the other hand, variants such as Datian, Zhongshan, and Qiong-Lei have historical linguistic roots with Hokkien, but are significantly divergent from it in terms of phonology and vocabulary, and thus have almost no mutual intelligibility with Hokkien. Linguists tend to classify them as separate languages.
^Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
^Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
^Cai Zhu, Huang Guo (1 October 2015). Chinese language. Xiamen: Fujian Education Publishing House. ISBN 978-7533469511.
^Southern Min at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020)
^Lee, Tong Soon (2009). Chinese Street Opera in Singapore. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252032462.
The SouthernMin Wikipedia (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Wikipedia Bân-lâm-gú), also known as Min Nan Wikipedia and Holopedia is the SouthernMin edition of Wikipedia,...
outside of mainland China is Hokkien, a variety of SouthernMin which has its origin in southern Fujian. Amoy Hokkien is the prestige dialect of Hokkien...
Teochew, also known as Teo-Swa (or Chaoshan), is a SouthernMin language spoken by the Teochew people in the Chaoshan region of eastern Guangdong and by...
mainstream SouthernMin, which is partially mutually intelligible to the Teochew language, Hainanese, Leizhou Min, and Haklau Min. In Southern Fujian, the...
Eastern Min but replaced in other Min varieties. For example, 犬 instead of 狗 for "dog". A lack of nasal vowels, in contrast to SouthernMin. Eastern Min is...
traditional Chinese: 瓊文) or Qiongyu (琼语; 瓊語), is a group of Min Chinese varieties spoken in the southern Chinese island province of Hainan and Overseas Chinese...
Mandarin with 66%, or around 800 million speakers, followed by Min (75 million, e.g. SouthernMin), Wu (74 million, e.g. Shanghainese), and Yue (68 million...
people 潮州人 (Teo-Swa SouthernMin) Leizhou people 雷州人 (Qiong–Lei Min) Zhongshan people 中山閩人 (Zhongshan Min) Zhenan Min 浙南閩人 (SouthernMin) Hainanese people...
Malaysia today, usually in a derogatory sense. Among Taiwanese, Tang mountain (Min-Nan: Tng-soa) has been used, for example, in the saying, "has Tangshan father...
variety of Min Chinese known as Taiwanese Hokkien, commonly called Minnanyu (Chinese: 閩南語; pinyin: Mǐnnányǔ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-lâm-gú), SouthernMin, or Hokkien...
dialect and Eastern Min of Northeastern Fujian province and various SouthernMin and Hokkien dialects of southeastern Fujian. The capital city of Fuzhou...
(/ˈhɒkiɛn/ HOK-ee-en, US also /ˈhoʊkiɛn/ HOH-kee-en) is a variety of the SouthernMin languages, native to and originating from the Minnan region, in the southeastern...
Hong Kong, and Vietnam), also called Tin Hau in Cantonese, Thean Hou in Min Chinese and Thiên Hậu in Vietnamese (Chinese: 天后; lit. 'Queen/Empress of...
Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-Má Hok-kiàn-oē) is a local variant of the Min Nan Chinese variety spoken in Central and Southern Peninsular Malaysia (Klang, Melaka, Muar, Tangkak...
Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-lâm bûn-hòa; Chinese: 閩南文化), also considered as the Mainstream SouthernMin Culture, refers to the culture of the Hoklo people, a group of Han Chinese...
smaller numbers of speakers of Hakka Language or the Teochew dialect of SouthernMin. In addition, immigrants and expatriates from the West and other Asian...
Thailand and Indonesia. Hakka is not mutually intelligible with Yue, Wu, SouthernMin, Mandarin or other branches of Chinese, and itself contains a few mutually...
languages, including Central Min, Eastern Min, Northern Min and Puxian Min. Datian Min developed from Hokkien, a dialect of SouthernMin. Before the year 1535...
lects, caused by the change of capital during the Southern Song Dynasty Zhongshan Min, a SouthernMin language surrounded by Yue varieties, caused by migrants...
dictionary. Minnan or Banlam may refer to: Minnan region, or southern Fujian SouthernMin, a variety of Chinese Hokkien people in the narrow definition...
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