Large actin extension of a developing neurite seeking its synaptic target
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Image of a fluorescently-labeled growth cone extending from an axon F-actin (red) microtubules (green).
A growth cone is a large actin-supported extension of a developing or regenerating neurite seeking its synaptic target. It is the growth cone that drives axon growth.[1] Their existence was originally proposed by Spanish histologist Santiago Ramón y Cajal based upon stationary images he observed under the microscope. He first described the growth cone based on fixed cells as "a concentration of protoplasm of conical form, endowed with amoeboid movements" (Cajal, 1890).[2] Growth cones are situated on the tips of neurites, either dendrites or axons, of the nerve cell. The sensory, motor, integrative, and adaptive functions of growing axons and dendrites are all contained within this specialized structure.
^Santos, TE; Schaffran, B; Broguière, N; Meyn, L; Zenobi-Wong, M; Bradke, F (21 July 2020). "Axon Growth of CNS Neurons in Three Dimensions Is Amoeboid and Independent of Adhesions". Cell Reports. 32 (3): 107907. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107907. hdl:20.500.11850/428702. PMID 32698008. S2CID 220716911.
^Ramon, Cajal S (1890). "A quelle epoque apparaissent les expansions des cellule nerveuses de la moelle epinere du poulet". Anat. Anzeiger. 5: 609–613.
A growthcone is a large actin-supported extension of a developing or regenerating neurite seeking its synaptic target. It is the growthcone that drives...
framework is that when a growthcone "senses" a guidance cue, the receptors activate various signaling molecules in the growthcone that eventually affect...
are known as scales. The umbo of a conifer cone refers to the first year's growth of a seed scale on the cone, showing up as a protuberance at the end of...
network in a growthcone will promote its neurite to become the axon. Growing axons move through their environment via the growthcone, which is at the...
The growthcone is a highly dynamic structure of the developing neuron, changing directionality in response to different secreted and contact-dependent...
receptor on growthcones of the RGC axon. This morphogen initially attracts RGC axons, but then, through an internal change in the growthcone of the RGC...
protoplasm called a growthcone, studded with chemical receptors. These receptors sense the local environment, causing the growthcone to be attracted or...
development and play important roles in axon formation from neurites and in growthcone guidance and collapse through their interactions with microtubules. Cleaved...
through development, where Tropomyosin 4 was initially localized to the growthcone of growing neurons, but in mature neurons it was relocated to the somatodendritic...
processes that look like "fingers" or "feet" and often propel cells or growthcones across surfaces. Virtually all eukaryotic cells form such processes upon...
processes during embryonic development including the guidance of axon growthcones, formation of tissue boundaries, cell migration, and segmentation. Additionally...
also makes swimming possible filopodia, enabling movement of the axonal growthcone flagellar motility, a swimming-like motion (observed for example in spermatozoa...
Biological neuron model Compartmental neuron models Connectome Dogiel cell Growthcone List of animals by number of neurons List of neuroscience databases Neuronal...
cells, acting like "stepping-stones" for the extension of Ti1 pioneer growthcones to the CNS, were first discovered in grasshopper limb bud. However, guidepost...
movement of the axons (and subsequently the Schwann cells) is guided by the growthcone, a filamentous projection of the axon that actively searches for neurotrophins...
positions, outgrowth of axons from neurons and guidance of the motile growthcone through the embryo towards postsynaptic partners, the generation of synapses...
EphA and EphB receptors mediates growthcone collapse while reverse signaling via ephrin-A and ephrin-B induces growthcone survival. The ability of Eph/ephrin...
from the growthcone at the leading edge. In neurons deprived of filopodia by partial inhibition of actin filaments polymerization, growthcone extension...
secreted and membrane proteins that were originally identified as axonal growthcone guidance molecules. They primarily act as short-range inhibitory signals...
volcanic bombs, are also a common product of cinder cone eruptions. The growth of a cinder cone may be divided into four stages. In the first stage,...
involved in growth and proliferation. Neurotrophic factors act through retrograde transport in neurons, in which they are taken up by the growthcone of the...
force provides a mechanism for the growthcone to respond to direction cue, thereby directing neuronal axons. Growthcones are known to respond to various...
C9orf72–SMCR8 (Smith-Magenis chromosome region 8) complex suppresses primary cilium growth as a RAB8A GAP (GTPase activating protein), establishing a link between...
of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Integrins are present at the growthcone of damaged PNS neurons and attach to ligands in the ECM to promote axon...
H, Carroll RC, Bassell GJ (2006). "Local functions for FMRP in axon growthcone motility and activity-dependent regulation of filopodia and spine synapses"...
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