Ephrins (also known as ephrin ligands or Eph family receptor interacting proteins) are a family of proteins that serve as the ligands of the Eph receptor. Eph receptors in turn compose the largest known subfamily of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases (RTKs).
Since ephrin ligands (ephrins) and Eph receptors (Ephs) are both membrane-bound proteins, binding and activation of Eph/ephrin intracellular signaling pathways can only occur via direct cell–cell interaction. Eph/ephrin signaling regulates a variety of biological processes during embryonic development including the guidance of axon growth cones,[1] formation of tissue boundaries,[2] cell migration, and segmentation.[3] Additionally, Eph/ephrin signaling has been identified to play a critical role in the maintenance of several processes during adulthood including long-term potentiation,[4] angiogenesis,[5] and stem cell differentiation.[6]
^Egea J, Klein R (May 2007). "Bidirectional Eph-ephrin signaling during axon guidance". Trends in Cell Biology. 17 (5): 230–238. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2007.03.004. PMID 17420126.
^Rohani N, Canty L, Luu O, Fagotto F, Winklbauer R (Mar 2011). Hamada H (ed.). "EphrinB/EphB signaling controls embryonic germ layer separation by contact-induced cell detachment". PLOS Biology. 9 (3): e1000597. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000597. PMC 3046958. PMID 21390298.
^Davy A, Soriano P (Jan 2005). "Ephrin signaling in vivo: look both ways". Developmental Dynamics. 232 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20200. PMID 15580616. S2CID 37808863.
^Kullander K, Klein R (Jul 2002). "Mechanisms and functions of Eph and ephrin signalling". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 3 (7): 475–486. doi:10.1038/nrm856. PMID 12094214. S2CID 1735440.
^Kuijper S, Turner CJ, Adams RH (Jul 2007). "Regulation of angiogenesis by Eph-ephrin interactions". Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 17 (5): 145–151. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2007.03.003. PMID 17574121.
^Genander M, Frisén J (Oct 2010). "Ephrins and Eph receptors in stem cells and cancer". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 22 (5): 611–616. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2010.08.005. PMID 20810264.
Ephrins (also known as ephrin ligands or Eph family receptor interacting proteins) are a family of proteins that serve as the ligands of the Eph receptor...
proteins (Ephrins). Ephs form the largest known subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Both Eph receptors and their corresponding ephrin ligands...
Ephrin-B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNB2 gene. This gene encodes a member of the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related...
Ephrin A5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNA5 gene. Ephrin A5 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein of the ephrin-A...
Ephrin B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNB1 gene. It is a member of the ephrin family. The encoded protein is a type I membrane protein...
Ephrin-A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNA2 gene. This gene encodes a member of the ephrin family. The protein is composed of a signal...
Ephrin type-B receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHB4 gene. Ephrin receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, mediate numerous developmental...
Ephrin A4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNA4 gene. This gene encodes a member of the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related...
Ephrin-B3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNB3 gene. EFNB3, a member of the ephrin gene family, is important in brain development as well...
Ephrin A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNA1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related...
Ephrin A3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EFNA3 gene. This gene encodes a member of the ephrin (EPH) family. The ephrins and EPH-related...
case of MojV-G) is to attach the virus to the surface of a host cell via Ephrin B1, B2, or B3, a family of highly conserved mammalian proteins. The structure...
formation. Ephrin and the ephrin receptors, Eph, have been found to regulate and direct retinal axon branches. Forward signaling between ephrin-A and EphA...
systems. Synaptojanin 1 has been found to be influenced by the protein ephrin. Ephrin is a chemorepellent meaning that its interactions with proteins results...
molecules, such as the ephrins, also help stabilize synaptic contacts. Eph receptors and their membrane bound ligands, the ephrins, are involved in a variety...
indicates that cells connect more directly with the help of cadherins, ephrins, and Notch-Delta signaling pathway, thus, more intrinsically with the cell...
is a very rare X-linked malformation syndrome caused by mutations in the ephrin-B1 gene (EFNB1). Phenotypic expression varies greatly amongst affected individuals...
EPH receptor A2 (ephrin type-A receptor 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA2 gene. This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily...
EPH receptor A4 (ephrin type-A receptor 4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA4 gene. This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily...
the interaction of numerous trophic and tropic factors; netrins, slits, ephrins and semaphorins are four well-studied tropic cues (Fig.1). The growth cone...
which mediates membrane fusion. Ephrins B2 and B3 have been identified as the main receptors for Nipah virus. Ephrin sub-types have a complex distribution...
EPH receptor A3 (ephrin type-A receptor 3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHA3 gene. This gene belongs to the ephrin receptor subfamily...
nerves is guided primarily by cues such as netrin, slit, semaphorin and ephrin; and by morphogens such as sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Wnt. This navigation...
studies. Unlike Hendra and Nipah, which attach to Ephrin B2 or B3, Cedar virus can also attach to Ephrin B1. This may be responsible for lack of observed...
Ephrin type-B receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPHB1 gene. Ephrin receptors and their ligands, the ephrins, mediate numerous developmental...
The ephrins are a family of neurotrophic factors that signal through eph receptors, a class of receptor tyrosine kinases; the family of ephrins include...
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