List of distinct cell types in the adult human body information
See also: Cell type
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There is estimated to be about 30 trillion (3×1013) human cells in the adult human body, varying from about 20 to 40 trillion depending on the sex, age and weight, and a roughly equal number of bacterial cells.[1][2][3][4][5][6](this have not yet been measured in its enterity emperically, but is based on smaller samples of emperical observation). The human cells have so far been categorized into over 500 cell types[2] based on location and function within the body, there is usually a lot of variants of these types of cells depending on what surface proteins they have. We have about 1000 cells which have been given unique names listed here, based mostly on the HubMap database.
The main cellular components of the human body by count[4]
Cell type
% cell count
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
84.0
Platelets
4.9
Bone marrow cells
2.5
Vascular endothelial cells
2.1
Lymphocytes
1.5
Hepatocytes
0.8
Neurons and glia
0.6
Bronchial endothelial cells
0.5
Epidermal cells
0.5
Respiratory interstitial cells
0.5
Adipocytes (fat cells)
0.2
Dermal fibroblasts
0.1
Muscle cells
0.001
Other cells
2.0
in 1996 scientists revealed a 'map' of 16000 human genes.[7] Leading to estimates that humans likely had around 100 000 genes[8] (or regions that code for human proteins). However actual sequencing did not start before around 1999, and it wasn’t until 2003[9] that the first complete draft of a human genome revealed that there was roughly 20000-25000, as most DNA does not code for any protein but rather serve other more administrative functions or leftovers from the past. It is difficult to say that we have not made similar mistakes when estimating how many cells we have as there are still substantial gabs in our understanding of human cells.
^Hatton IA, Galbraith ED, Merleau NS, Miettinen TP, Smith BM, Shander JA (September 2023). "The human cell count and size distribution". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 120 (39): e2303077120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12003077H. doi:10.1073/pnas.2303077120. PMC 10523466. PMID 37722043.
^ ab"Mapping the human body one cell at a time: New study reveals the intricate relationship between cell size and count". News-Medical.net. 2023-09-19. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
^Society, Max Planck. "Cellular cartography: Charting the sizes and abundance of our body's cells reveals mathematical order underlying life". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
^ abSender R, Fuchs S, Milo R (August 2016). "Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body". PLOS Biology. 14 (8): e1002533. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533. PMC 4991899. PMID 27541692.
^Hewings-Martin Y (12 July 2017). "How many cells are in the human body?". Medical News Today. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
^Zimmer C (23 October 2013). "How Many Cells Are In Your Body?". National Geographic. Archived from the original on April 3, 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
^"The Human Transcript Map". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
^Amaral, Paulo; Carbonell-Sala, Silvia; De La Vega, Francisco M.; Faial, Tiago; Frankish, Adam; Gingeras, Thomas; Guigo, Roderic; Harrow, Jennifer L.; Hatzigeorgiou, Artemis G. (2023-03-24), "The status of the human gene catalogue", Nature, 622 (7981): 41–47, arXiv:2303.13996, Bibcode:2023Natur.622...41A, doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06490-x, PMC 10575709, PMID 37794265, retrieved 2024-04-23
^"Why the human genome was never completed". www.bbc.com. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
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