Lack of response by the immune system to foreign substances
"Anergy" redirects here. For the use of the term in thermodynamics, see Exergy.
Anergy, within the realm of immunology, characterizes the absence of a response from the body's defense mechanisms when confronted with foreign substances. This phenomenon involves the direct induction of peripheral lymphocyte tolerance. When an individual is in a state of anergy, it signifies that their immune system is incapable of mounting a typical response against a specific antigen, typically a self-antigen. The term anergy specifically refers to lymphocytes that exhibit an inability to react to their designated antigen. Notably, anergy constitutes one of the essential processes fostering tolerance within the immune system, alongside clonal deletion and immunoregulation.[1] These processes collectively act to modify the immune response, preventing the inadvertent self-destruction that could result from an overactive immune system.
first described in B lymphocytes by Gustav Nossal and termed "clonalanergy." The clones of B lymphocytes in this case can still be found alive in the...
significantly upon specific antigens Clonal selection theory, a model for how the immune system responds to infection Clonalanergy, a lack of reaction by the body's...
In immunology, clonal deletion is the process of removing T and B lymphocytes from the immune system repertoire. The process of clonal deletion helps...
tolerance. Just as in T cells, clonal deletion and clonalanergy can physically eliminate autoreactive B cell clones. Receptor editing is another mechanism...
Physiology or Medicine "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance". Clonalanergy theory, proposed by Nossal, in which self-reactive T- or B-cells become...
exocytosis in response to various stimuli. Also was shown its role in T-cell clonalanergy downstream of Egr2, where NDRG1 is upregulated in the absence of costimulation...
activity is selective but is not T-cell receptor mediated. Both clonalanergy and clonal deletion have been shown to operate in vetoed T cells. The veto...
inactivation of effector T cells by either clonal deletion, conversion to regulatory T cells (Tregs) or induction of anergy. Tregs, which are also generated during...
mechanisms such as active suppression by regulatory T cells(Tregs), clonalanergy, deletion, and ignorance. While autoimmunity is thought to result from...
molecules as well activates an intracellular signal causing the T cell anergy or apoptosis, unless the cells receive another signal through a co-stimulatory...
by induction of apoptosis of the autoreactive cells, or by induction of anergy, a state of non-activity. Weakly autoreactive B cells may also remain in...
Koelsch KA, Zhang Q, Swiatkowski M, et al. (January 2009). "Functional anergy in a subpopulation of naive B cells from healthy humans that express autoreactive...
Along with anergy and T-cell exhaustion, immunosenescence belongs among the major immune system dysfunctional states. However, while T-cell anergy is a reversible...
Myriad receptors are produced through a process known as clonal selection. According to the clonal selection theory, at birth, an animal randomly generates...
presumes that it is auto-reactive. This results in the cell becoming anergic (anergy is generated from the unprotected biochemical changes of Signal 1). Anergic...
self-antigen, then the B cell undergoes one of four fates: clonal deletion, receptor editing, anergy, or ignorance (B cell ignores signal and continues development)...
central and peripheral tolerance through induction of T cell clonal deletion, T cell anergy and generation and activation of regulatory T (Treg) cells....
patterns that correlate with antigen-induced activation or anergy in B lymphocytes. Lymphocyte anergy pathways involve induction of some, but not all of the...
with T cell receptors on the T cell. This can induce T cell clonal deletion, T cell anergy or the proliferation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Collectively...
BCR before it is signaled to apoptose or becomes anergic. Induction of anergy (a state of non-reactivity) Genetic defects in central tolerance can lead...
presented in the thymus (therefore not negatively selected) or a state of anergy is induced to prevent self targeting. Autoreactive T cells must normally...
signalling co-stimulates murine T cells and prevents induction of anergy in T-cell clones". Nature. 356 (6370): 607–609. Bibcode:1992Natur.356..607H. doi:10...
abortions). In mice models, most mother's fetal-specific CD8+ T cells undergo clonal deletion and express low levels of chemokine receptors and ligands – this...
Science 251, 1225 (1991). Peripheral tolerance by deletion of and reversible anergy in matureT cells. Borgulya, P., Kishi, H., Uematsu, Y. and von Boehmer,...
ubiquitinates the costimulatory molecule CD40 ligand during the induction of T cell anergy". Journal of Immunology. 181 (3): 1622–6. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.1622...
Global Information