In biology, caveolae (Latin for "little caves"; singular, caveola), which are a special type of lipid raft, are small (50–100 nanometer) invaginations of the plasma membrane in the cells of many vertebrates. They are the most abundant surface feature of many vertebrate cell types, especially endothelial cells, adipocytes and embryonic notochord cells.[1][2] They were originally discovered by E. Yamada in 1955.[3]
These flask-shaped structures are rich in proteins as well as lipids such as cholesterol and sphingolipids and have several functions in signal transduction.[4] They are also believed to play a role in mechanoprotection, mechanosensation, endocytosis, oncogenesis, and the uptake of pathogenic bacteria and certain viruses.[5][6][3][7]
^Nixon, Susan J.; Carter, Adrian; Wegner, Jeremy; Ferguson, Charles; Floetenmeyer, Matthias; Riches, Jamie; Key, Brian; Westerfield, Monte; Parton, Robert G. (1 July 2007). "Caveolin-1 is required for lateral line neuromast and notochord development". Journal of Cell Science. 120 (13): 2151–2161. doi:10.1242/jcs.003830. PMID 17550965.
^Lo, Harriet P; Hall, Thomas E; Parton, Robert G (13 January 2016). "Mechanoprotection by skeletal muscle caveolae". BioArchitecture. 6 (1): 22–27. doi:10.1080/19490992.2015.1131891. PMC 4914031. PMID 26760312.
^ abLi, Xiang-An; Everson, William V.; Smart, Eric J. (April 2005). "Caveolae, Lipid Rafts, and Vascular Disease". Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 15 (3): 92–96. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2005.04.001. PMID 16039968.
^Anderson, Richard G. W. (June 1998). "The caveolae membrane system". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 67 (1): 199–225. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.199. PMID 9759488.
^Parton, Robert G.; del Pozo, Miguel A. (February 2013). "Caveolae as plasma membrane sensors, protectors and organizers". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 14 (2): 98–112. doi:10.1038/nrm3512. PMID 23340574. S2CID 21940682.
^Frank, Philippe G; Lisanti, Michael P (October 2004). "Caveolin-1 and caveolae in atherosclerosis: differential roles in fatty streak formation and neointimal hyperplasia". Current Opinion in Lipidology. 15 (5): 523–529. doi:10.1097/00041433-200410000-00005. PMID 15361787. S2CID 20778606.
^Pelkmans, Lucas (December 2005). "Secrets of caveolae- and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis revealed by mammalian viruses". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1746 (3): 295–304. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.06.009. PMID 16126288.
In biology, caveolae (Latin for "little caves"; singular, caveola), which are a special type of lipid raft, are small (50–100 nanometer) invaginations...
receptor-mediated endocytosis (also known as clathrin-mediated endocytosis), caveolae, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is mediated...
plaques) areas alternate with regions of membrane containing numerous caveolae. When complexes of actin and myosin contract, force is transduced to the...
family of integral membrane proteins that are the principal components of caveolae membranes and involved in receptor-independent endocytosis. Caveolins may...
extracellular leaflets of the bilayer is a very slow process. Lipid rafts and caveolae are examples of cholesterol-enriched microdomains in the cell membrane...
clustering and redistribution. SV40 may recruit more caveolae from the cytoplasm or even new caveolae formed at the site of entry. A cascade of virus-induced...
glycoproteins are stored in vacuolated, turgid cells, which are covered with caveolae on their cell surface. The angle between these fibers determines whether...
membranes can also form different types of "supramembrane" structures such as caveolae, postsynaptic density, podosome, invadopodium, desmosome, hemidesmosome...
T, Xue C, Cao Y (February 2020). "PEDV enters cells through clathrin-, caveolae-, and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis and traffics via the endo-/lysosome...
across the plasma membrane of a cell. The molecules are transported by caveolae (rather than clathrin-coated vesicles) and are deposited directly into...
research revolves around the plasma membrane, with a particular focus on caveolae, lipids and endocytosis. He has made major contributions to understanding...
forms a salmonella-containing vacuole, or SCV, wherein it can replicate. Caveolae Phagocytosis Receptor-mediated endocytosis Guo, Lily. "Pinocytosis - What...
gene. Caveolae are small domains on the inner cell membrane involved in vesicular trafficking and signal transduction. FLOT1 encodes a caveolae-associated...
gene. Flotillin 2 (flot-2) is a highly conserved protein isolated from caveolae/lipid raft domains that tether growth factor receptors linked to signal...
clathrin-coated pits, as well as by clathrin-independent pathways including caveolae and macropinocytosis. Intracellular vesicles shuttle ricin to endosomes...
caveola formation and function. Deformation caveolae promotes the translocation of cavin-1 from caveolae to the nucleus Termination of RNA polymerase...
It is also used in cellular biology as an inhibitor of the lipid raft-caveolae endocytosis pathway on mammalian cells, at concentrations around 3 μg/ml...
electron microscopy, it was proposed that DNA uptake was facilitated by caveolae (or, non-clathrin coated pits). However, subsequent research revealed that...
constitutive Ca2+ dependent NOS provides a basal release of NO. eNOS localizes to caveolae, a plasma membrane domain primarily composed of the protein caveolin 1...
with caveolin-1 to enable trafficking of ERs to the membrane or membrane caveolae. Other putative mERs include GPER (GPR30), GPRC6A, ER-X, ERx and Gq-mER...
structural protein, caveolin-3. Caveolins form specific membrane domains called caveolae in which voltage-gated sodium channels sit. Similar to LQT3, these caveolin...
The channelosome is frequently clustered within a lipid microdomain or caveolae. This collection of proteins may be involved with anchoring, phosphorylation...
enter cells via endocytosis in multiple pathways. These pathways include caveolae, clathrin-coated pits, clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs), and GPI-Enriched...
fusion with, another compartment, both at the cell surface (particularly caveolae internalization) as well as at the Golgi apparatus. Dynamin family members...
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