A partially folded structure of amyloid beta(1 40) in an aqueous environment (pdb 2lfm)[1]
Identifiers
Symbol
APP
Pfam
PF03494
InterPro
IPR013803
SCOP2
2lfm / SCOPe / SUPFAM
TCDB
1.C.50
OPM superfamily
304
OPM protein
2y3k
Membranome
45
Available protein structures:
Pfam
structures / ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsum
structure summary
amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease)
Processing of the amyloid precursor protein
Identifiers
Symbol
APP
Alt. symbols
AD1
NCBI gene
351
HGNC
620
OMIM
104760
RefSeq
NM_000484
UniProt
P05067
Other data
Locus
Chr. 21 q21.2
Search for
Structures
Swiss-model
Domains
InterPro
Preview warning: Page using Template:Infobox protein with unknown parameter "Ensembl"
Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.[2] The peptides derive from the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), which is cleaved by beta secretase and gamma secretase to yield Aβ in a cholesterol-dependent process and substrate presentation.[3] Aβ molecules can aggregate to form flexible soluble oligomers which may exist in several forms. It is now believed that certain misfolded oligomers (known as "seeds") can induce other Aβ molecules to also take the misfolded oligomeric form, leading to a chain reaction akin to a prion infection. The oligomers are toxic to nerve cells.[4] The other protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease, tau protein, also forms such prion-like misfolded oligomers, and there is some evidence that misfolded Aβ can induce tau to misfold.[5][6]
A study has suggested that APP and its amyloid potential is of ancient origins, dating as far back as early deuterostomes.[7]
^Cite error: The named reference Vivekanandan_2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Hamley IW (October 2012). "The amyloid beta peptide: a chemist's perspective. Role in Alzheimer's and fibrillization" (PDF). Chemical Reviews. 112 (10): 5147–92. doi:10.1021/cr3000994. PMID 22813427.
^Wang H, Kulas JA, Wang C, Holtzman DM, Ferris HA, Hansen SB (August 2021). "Regulation of beta-amyloid production in neurons by astrocyte-derived cholesterol". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (33): e2102191118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11802191W. doi:10.1073/pnas.2102191118. PMC 8379952. PMID 34385305.
^Haass C, Selkoe DJ (February 2007). "Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 8 (2): 101–12. doi:10.1038/nrm2101. PMID 17245412. S2CID 32991755.
^Nussbaum JM, Seward ME, Bloom GS (Jan–Feb 2013). "Alzheimer disease: a tale of two prions". Prion. 7 (1): 14–9. doi:10.4161/pri.22118. PMC 3609044. PMID 22965142.
^Pulawski W, Ghoshdastider U, Andrisano V, Filipek S (April 2012). "Ubiquitous amyloids". Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 166 (7): 1626–43. doi:10.1007/s12010-012-9549-3. PMC 3324686. PMID 22350870.
^Tharp WG, Sarkar IN (April 2013). "Origins of amyloid-β". BMC Genomics. 14 (1): 290. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-290. PMC 3660159. PMID 23627794.
Amyloidbeta (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with...
Amyloid plaques (also known as neuritic plaques, amyloidbeta plaques or senile plaques) are extracellular deposits of the amyloidbeta (Aβ) protein mainly...
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a form of angiopathy in which amyloidbeta peptide deposits in the walls of small to medium blood vessels of the central...
medication used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Lecanemab is an amyloidbeta-directed antibody. It is given via intravenous infusion. The most common...
substance P, neurotensin, oxytocin, and bradykinin. It also degrades the amyloidbeta peptide whose abnormal folding and aggregation in neural tissue has been...
89-residue coding sequence. Proislet amyloid polypeptide (proIAPP, proamylin, proislet protein) is produced in the pancreatic beta cells (β-cells) as a 67 amino...
toxins that lead to neurotoxicity as a result of long term drug use are amyloidbeta (Aβ), glutamate, dopamine, and oxygen radicals. When present in high...
cerebral amyloid angiopathy with senile plaques in the cerebral cortex consistent of amyloidbeta, as may be seen in Alzheimer disease. Amyloidbeta immunostain...
It is a monoclonal antibody that targets aggregated forms (plaque) of amyloidbeta (Aβ) found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease to reduce...
called amyloid beta (also written as A-beta or Aβ). Amyloidbeta is a fragment from a larger protein called amyloid precursor protein (APP), a transmembrane...
birefringence and contain few or no classical amyloid fibrils, such as the diffuse deposits of amyloidbeta (Aβ) protein in the brains of people with Alzheimer's...
of misfolded protein aggregates called amyloid, both in vitro and in vivo (e.g., plaques composed of amyloidbeta found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease...
abnormal protein, amyloidbeta (Aβ). Although the cause of Alzheimer's disease remains unknown, advances in understanding amyloid pathology have revealed...
alpha helix and an amyloid fibril core composed of a stack of PrP molecules glued together by parallel in-register intermolecular beta sheets. This refolding...
excess of amyloidbeta peptide produced in the brain and is similar to Alzheimer's disease, which also involves amyloidbeta build-up. Amyloidbeta is processed...
the sleeping brain to promote clearance of interstitial wastes such as amyloidbeta. On the basis of these findings, they hypothesized that the restorative...
that resveratrol found in Cabernet Sauvignon could reduce levels of amyloidbeta peptides, which attack brain cells and are part of the etiology of Alzheimer's...
Global Information
