In cellular neuroscience, an axotomy (from axo- 'axon', and -tomy 'surgery') is the cutting or otherwise severing of an axon. This type of denervation is often used in experimental studies on neuronal physiology and neuronal death or survival as a method to better understand nervous system diseases.[1]
Axotomy may cause neuronal cell death, especially in embryonic or neonatal animals, as this is the period in which neurons are dependent on their targets for the supply of survival factors. In mature animals, where survival factors are derived locally or via autocrine loops, axotomy of peripheral neurons and motoneurons can lead to a robust regenerative response without any neuronal death. In both cases, autophagy is observed to markedly increase. Autophagy could either clear the way for neuronal degeneration or it could be a medium for cell destruction.[2]
^"Online Medical Dictionary"
^Rubinsztein DC et al. (2005) Autophagy and Its Possible Roles in Nervous System Diseases, Damage and Repair. Autophagy 1(1):11-22. PMID 16874045
In cellular neuroscience, an axotomy (from axo- 'axon', and -tomy 'surgery') is the cutting or otherwise severing of an axon. This type of denervation...
of a neuron. It is an induced response of the cell usually triggered by axotomy, ischemia, toxicity to the cell, cell exhaustion, virus infections, and...
Studies have shown that in cases of reversible neuronal injury, such as axotomy, neuron signals cause microglia to produce trophic factors, which promote...
neurons of embryonic rats and is suggested to aid development and to reduce axotomy. The ephrins are a family of neurotrophic factors that signal through eph...
neuroprotective activity as its biosynthesis is increased 2-10 fold upon axotomy in the peripheral nervous system as well as when seizure activity occurs...
Bonfanti, L (1996). "Protection of retinal ganglion cells from natural and axotomy-induced cell death in neonatal transgenic mice overexpressing bcl-2". Journal...
protects motor axons but not their cell bodies after avulsion and neonatal axotomy". The European Journal of Neuroscience. 24 (8): 2163–8. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568...
dendrodendritic synapses to compensate. In experiments where deafferentation or axotomy was performed in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of cats it was found...
Muller, Kenneth J.; Adams, William B.; Nicholls, John G. (30 May 2002). "Axotomy of single fluorescent nerve fibers in developing mammalian spinal cord...
embryonic but not adult spinal sensory neurons, and is re-expressed following axotomy. Journal of Neurophysiology, 72:466-471,1994. doi:10.1152/jn.1994.72.1...
(1986). "Induction of nerve growth factor receptor in Schwann cells after axotomy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 83 (11): 4094–4098....
protect neurons from secondary degeneration after central nervous system axotomy". Nature Medicine. 5 (1): 49–55. doi:10.1038/4734. PMID 9883839. S2CID 8877114...
"The Expression of P2X3Purinoreceptors in Sensory Neurons: Effects of Axotomy and Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor". Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience...
circuitry formation. This was previously thought impossible, due to neuronal axotomy/dendritotomy. The lab employed this neuronal FACS first for studies of...
significant upregulation of a number of trophic factors after undergoing axotomy. One major difference in motor and sensory pathways is the difference in...
Angelov DN, Neiss WF, Gunkel A, Guntinas-Lichius O, Stennert E (1994). "Axotomy induces intranuclear immunolocalization of neuron-specific enolase in facial...
populations, chromosome dissection, cytoskeleton disruption, organelle ablation, axotomy, or the optical tweezing or isolation of intracellular material. Terms...
protect neurons from secondary degeneration after central nervous system axotomy". Nature Medicine. 5 (1): 49–55. doi:10.1038/4734. PMID 9883839. S2CID 8877114...
about 10−9 M. Omigapil prevents neurodegeneration in facial motor neuron axotomy animal models as well as mouse models of progressive motor neuronopathy...
1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2865. PMID 15833836. Weishaupt JH, Klöcker N, Bähr M (2005). "Axotomy-induced early down-regulation of POU-IV class transcription factors Brn-3a...
Expression is also increased after axonal injury, such as peripheral axotomy in motor neurons and dorsal root ganglia. This upregulation implies that...
Kitamura T (July 1995). "A novel RING-H2 motif protein downregulated by axotomy: its characteristic localization at the postsynaptic density of axosomatic...
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