Ammonia transporters (TC# 1.A.11) are structurally related membrane transport proteins called Amt proteins (ammonia transporters) in bacteria and plants, methylammonium/ammonium permeases (MEPs) in yeast, or Rhesus (Rh) proteins in chordates. In humans, the RhAG, RhBG, and RhCG Rhesus proteins constitute solute carrier family 42[2] whilst RhD and RhCE form the Rh blood group system. The three-dimensional structure of the ammonia transport protein AmtB from Escherichia coli has been determined by x-ray crystallography[3][4] revealing a hydrophobic ammonia channel.[5] The human RhCG ammonia transporter was found to have a similar ammonia-conducting channel structure.[1] It was proposed[citation needed] that the erythrocyte Rh complex is a heterotrimer of RhAG, RhD, and RhCE subunits in which RhD and RhCE might play roles in anchoring the ammonia-conducting RhAG subunit to the cytoskeleton. Based on reconstitution experiments, purified RhCG subunits alone can function to transport ammonia.[6] RhCG is required for normal acid excretion by the mouse kidney[7] and epididymis.[8]
^ abGruswitz, F.; Chaudhary, S.; Ho, J. D.; Schlessinger, A.; Pezeshki, B.; Ho, C. -M.; Sali, A.; Westhoff, C. M.; Stroud, R. M. (2010). "Function of human Rh based on structure of RhCG at 2.1 A". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (21): 9638–9643. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003587107. PMC 2906887. PMID 20457942.
^Nakhoul NL, Hamm LL (Feb 2004). "Non-erythroid Rh glycoproteins: a putative new family of mammalian ammonium transporters". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 807–12. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1142-8. PMID 12920597. S2CID 24601165.
^1xqe; Khademi S, O'Connell J, Remis J, Robles-Colmenares Y, Miercke LJ, Stroud RM (Sep 2004). "Mechanism of ammonia transport by Amt/MEP/Rh: structure of AmtB at 1.35 A". Science. 305 (5690): 1587–94. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.133.6480. doi:10.1126/science.1101952. PMID 15361618. S2CID 11436509.
^2u7c; Zheng L, Kostrewa D, Bernèche S, Winkler FK, Li XD (Dec 2004). "The mechanism of ammonia transport based on the crystal structure of AmtB of Escherichia coli". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (49): 17090–5. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117090Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.0406475101. PMC 535379. PMID 15563598.
^Khademi S, Stroud RM (Dec 2006). "The Amt/MEP/Rh family: structure of AmtB and the mechanism of ammonia gas conduction". Physiology. 21 (6): 419–29. doi:10.1152/physiol.00051.2005. PMID 17119155.
^Mouro-Chanteloup I, Cochet S, Chami M, Genetet S, Zidi-Yahiaoui N, Engel A, Colin Y, Bertrand O, Ripoche P (2010). Fatouros D (ed.). "Functional reconstitution into liposomes of purified human RhCG ammonia channel". PLOS ONE. 5 (1): e8921. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.8921M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008921. PMC 2812482. PMID 20126667.
^Wagner CA, Devuyst O, Belge H, Bourgeois S, Houillier P (Jan 2011). "The rhesus protein RhCG: a new perspective in ammonium transport and distal urinary acidification" (PDF). Kidney International. 79 (2): 154–61. doi:10.1038/ki.2010.386. PMID 20927037.
^Biver S, Belge H, Bourgeois S, Van Vooren P, Nowik M, Scohy S, Houillier P, Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Wagner CA, Devuyst O, Marini AM (Nov 2008). "A role for Rhesus factor Rhcg in renal ammonium excretion and male fertility". Nature. 456 (7220): 339–43. Bibcode:2008Natur.456..339B. doi:10.1038/nature07518. PMID 19020613. S2CID 205215412.
and 25 Related for: Ammonia transporter information
Ammoniatransporters (TC# 1.A.11) are structurally related membrane transport proteins called Amt proteins (ammoniatransporters) in bacteria and plants...
level of ammonia doesn't present genes that encodes for ammoniatransporter. Bacteria adapted to low concentrations of ammonia, present transporter (transmembrane...
Glucose transporters are a wide group of membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane, a process known as facilitated...
The serotonin transporter (SERT or 5-HTT) also known as the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and solute carrier family 6 member 4 is a protein that...
A membrane transport protein (or simply transporter) is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such...
In biology, a transporter is a transmembrane protein that moves ions (or other small molecules) across a biological membrane to accomplish many different...
complex indicates that the RhD protein is one of three subunits of an ammoniatransporter. Three recent studies have reported a protective effect of the RhD-positive...
Rh family, B glycoprotein, also known as RHBG, is an ammoniatransporter protein which in humans is encoded by the RHBG gene. RHBG and RHCG are non-erythroid...
Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4, is a protein encoded, in humans, by...
Neurotransmitter transporters are a class of membrane transport proteins that span the cellular membranes of neurons. Their primary function is to carry...
Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) also known as solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (SLC2A2) is a transmembrane carrier protein...
hydrophobic ammonia-conducting channel and shows that it shares a common fold with the ammoniatransporters, thus making it an ammoniatransporter. GRCh38:...
carrier family 18 member 2 (SLC18A2) also known as vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC18A2 gene...
The norepinephrine transporter (NET), also known as noradrenaline transporter (NAT), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the solute carrier family...
Monocarboxylate transporter 1 is a ubiquitous protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC16A1 gene (also known as MCT1). It is a proton coupled monocarboxylate...
Glucose transporter 1 (or GLUT1), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1), is a uniporter protein that...
The dopamine transporter (DAT, also sodium-dependent dopamine transporter) is a membrane-spanning protein coded for in the human by the SLC6A3 gene (also...
A urea transporter is a membrane transport protein, transporting urea. Humans and other mammals have two types of urea transport proteins, UT-A and UT-B...
Glutamate transporters are a family of neurotransmitter transporter proteins that move glutamate – the principal excitatory neurotransmitter – across...
Zinc transporter proteins (Zrt), or simply zinc transporters, are membrane transport proteins of the solute carrier family which control the membrane...
Rh-associated glycoprotein (RHAG) is an ammoniatransporter protein that in humans is encoded by the RHAG gene. RHAG has also recently been designated...
The high-affinity choline transporter (ChT) also known as solute carrier family 5 member 7 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the SLC5A7 gene....
Glucose transporter 3 (or GLUT3), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 (SLC2A3) is a protein that in humans...
Global Information