Process by which one of the two alleles for a gene is expressed while the other is silenced
Allelic exclusion is a process by which only one allele of a gene is expressed while the other allele is silenced.[1] This phenomenon is most notable for playing a role in the development of B lymphocytes, where allelic exclusion allows for each mature B lymphocyte to express only one type of immunoglobulin. This subsequently results in each B lymphocyte being able to recognize only one antigen.[2] This is significant as the co-expression of both alleles in B lymphocytes is associated with autoimmunity and the production of autoantibodies.[3]
Many regulatory processes can lead to allelic exclusion. In one instance, one allele of the gene can become transcriptionally silent, resulting in the transcription and expression of only the other allele.[2] This could be caused in part by decreased methylation of the expressed allele.[4] Conversely, allelic exclusion can also be regulated through asynchronous allelic rearrangement.[5] In this case, both alleles are transcribed but only one becomes a functional protein.[2]
^Korochkin LI, Grossman A (1981). "The Phenomenon of Allelic Exclusion". Gene Interactions in Development. Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Vol. 4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 108–124. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-81477-8_4. ISBN 978-3-642-81479-2.
^ abcLevin-Klein R, Bergman Y (December 2014). "Epigenetic regulation of monoallelic rearrangement (allelic exclusion) of antigen receptor genes". Frontiers in Immunology. 5: 625. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00625. PMC 4257082. PMID 25538709.
^Pelanda R (April 2014). "Dual immunoglobulin light chain B cells: Trojan horses of autoimmunity?". Current Opinion in Immunology. 27: 53–9. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2014.01.012. PMC 3972342. PMID 24549093.
^Schroeder HW, Imboden JB, Torres RM (2019-01-01). "Chapter 4: Antigen Receptor Genes, Gene Products, and Coreceptors". In Rich R, Fleisher TA, Shearer WT, Schroeder HW (eds.). Clinical Immunology (Fifth ed.). London: Elsevier. pp. 55–77.e1. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00004-1. ISBN 978-0-7020-6896-6.
^Jackson A, Kondilis HD, Khor B, Sleckman BP, Krangel MS (February 2005). "Regulation of T cell receptor beta allelic exclusion at a level beyond accessibility". Nature Immunology. 6 (2): 189–97. doi:10.1038/ni1157. PMID 15640803. S2CID 24687496.
Allelicexclusion is a process by which only one allele of a gene is expressed while the other allele is silenced. This phenomenon is most notable for...
cells. Allelicexclusion is a process of gene expression when one allele is expressed and the other one kept silent. Two most studied cases of allelic exclusion...
Commons has media related to Adaptive immunity. Affinity maturation Allelicexclusion Anergy Immune response Immune tolerance Immunosuppression Original...
proliferation, differentiation from the proB cell to the preB cell stage, allelicexclusion at the Ig heavy chain gene locus, and promotion of Ig light chain...
apoptotic process immune response V(D)J recombination pre-B cell allelicexclusion B cell differentiation metabolism regulation of T cell differentiation...
rearrangement as essential mechanism for TCRbeta allelicexclusion. Lack of TCRalpha allelicexclusion. Bruno, L., Kirberg, J. and von Boehmer, H.: On...
PMC 139146. PMID 9110174. Rassenti LZ, Kipps TJ (Apr 1997). "Lack of allelicexclusion in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia". The Journal of Experimental...
the double-negative (DN) stage to the double-positive (DP) stage. Allelicexclusion of the second locus of the TCRβ chain is also dependent on signaling...
proliferation, differentiation from the proB cell to preB cell stage, 2) allelicexclusion at the Ig heavy chain gene locus, and 3) promotion of Ig light chain...
(January 2004). "About the Origin of European Spelt (Triticum spelta L.): Allelic Differentiation of the HMW Glutenin B1-1 and A1-2 Subunit Genes" (PDF)...
This can lead to more stochastic effects (random events) such as allelic dropout or allelic drop-in which can alter the interpretation of a DNA profile. These...
phenomenon is referred to as intragenic complementation (also called inter-allelic complementation). Intragenic complementation appears to be common and has...
a number of splicing-related diseases also exist, as suggested above. Allelic differences in mRNA splicing are likely to be a common and important source...
more common in the Irish Traveller population, involving identifiable allelic mutations that are rarer among the rest of the community. Two main hypotheses...
express genes normally in a comparison run against genetically engineered allelic variations which replace the wild-type gene and have been cloned into the...
Through genetic observations of diverse regional P. dominula populations, an allelic richness and distribution of private alleles was shown in the introduced...
1995). "Apert syndrome results from localized mutations of FGFR2 and is allelic with Crouzon syndrome". Nature Genetics. 9 (2): 165–172. doi:10.1038/ng0295-165...
and thus appear to be genuine alleles, but are not actually structurally allelic (i.e. they do not occupy homologous loci on homologous chromosomes). pseudogene...
well as deletions on chromosome 15q13.3 and 1q21.1. CNVs occur due to non-allelic homologous recombination mediated by low copy repeats (sequentially similar...
Lu Z, Takemura SY, et al. (December 2011). "Wiring economy and volume exclusion determine neuronal placement in the Drosophila brain". Current Biology...
but in childhood-onset schizophrenia there is a higher number of "rare allelic variants". There have been several genes indicated in children diagnosed...
of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those novel items immediately. He also...
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