Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (an insect of the order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae. The species is often referred to as the fruit fly or lesser fruit fly, or less commonly the "vinegar fly", "pomace fly",[a][5] or "banana fly".[6] In the wild, D. melanogaster are attracted to rotting fruit and fermenting beverages, and are often found in orchards, kitchens and pubs.
Starting with Charles W. Woodworth's 1901 proposal of the use of this species as a model organism,[7][8]D. melanogaster continues to be widely used for biological research in genetics, physiology, microbial pathogenesis, and life history evolution. As of 2017, six Nobel Prizes have been awarded to drosophilists for their work using the insect.[9][10]
Drosophila melanogaster is typically used in research owing to its rapid life cycle, relatively simple genetics with only four pairs of chromosomes, and large number of offspring per generation.[11] It was originally an African species, with all non-African lineages having a common origin.[12] Its geographic range includes all continents, including islands.[13]D. melanogaster is a common pest in homes, restaurants, and other places where food is served.[14]
Flies belonging to the family Tephritidae are also called "fruit flies". This can cause confusion, especially in the Mediterranean, Australia, and South Africa, where the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata is an economic pest.
^Meigen JW (1830). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. (Volume 6)(PDF) (in German). Schulz-Wundermann. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2012.
^"Drosophila (Sophophora) melanogaster Meigen, 1830". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved May 2, 2024.
^"Drosophila | insect genus". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
^"Vinegar Flies". Penn State Extension. Retrieved October 30, 2021.
^ abGreen MM (September 2002). "It really is not a fruit fly". Genetics. 162 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1093/genetics/162.1.1. PMC 1462251. PMID 12242218.
^Schilthuizen, Menno (April 28, 2015). "Semen's Chemical Cocktail Can Hijack a Mate's Brain". Discover. Retrieved September 11, 2023. Even in the ejaculate of the lowly banana fly Drosophila melanogaster, researchers have identified no fewer than 133 different kinds of proteins.
^T.H. Morgan's Nobel Prize biography mentioning C. W. Woodworth
^Holden B (January 1, 2015). Charles W. Woodworth: The Remarkable Life of U.C.'s First Entomologist (1st ed.). Brian Holden Publishing. pp. 135–137. ISBN 978-0-9864105-3-6.
^"Nobel Prizes". The Guardian. October 7, 2017.
^"FruitFly-ResearchGate".
^Sang JH, Reeve EC (June 23, 2001). "Drosophila melanogaster: The Fruit Fly". Encyclopedia of genetics. USA: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, I. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-884964-34-3. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
^Baudry E, Viginier B, Veuille M (August 2004). "Non-African populations of Drosophila melanogaster have a unique origin". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (8): 1482–91. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh089. PMID 15014160.
^Markow TA (June 2015). "The secret lives of Drosophila flies". eLife. 4. doi:10.7554/eLife.06793. PMC 4454838. PMID 26041333.
^"Vinegar Flies, Drosophila species, Family: Drosophilidae". Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University. 2017. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
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and 24 Related for: Drosophila melanogaster information
Drosophilamelanogaster is a species of fly (an insect of the order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae. The species is often referred to as the fruit...
especially the Mediterranean fruit fly. One species of Drosophila in particular, D. melanogaster, has been heavily used in research in genetics and is...
Thomas Hunt Morgan later showed that a new white-eye mutation in Drosophilamelanogaster was also sex-linked. He found that a white-eyed male crossed with...
organisms: Genera: Melanogaster (fungus), a genus of false truffles Melanogaster (fly), a genus of hoverflies Species: Drosophilamelanogaster, a species of...
biology of NF1 came from model organisms including the fruit fly Drosophilamelanogaster, the zebrafish Danio rerio and the mouse Mus musculus, which all...
model organisms in regards to homeotic genes is the fruit fly Drosophilamelanogaster. Its homeotic Hox genes occur in either the Antennapedia complex...
PMID 352650. Konopka RJ, Benzer S (September 1971). "Clock mutants of Drosophilamelanogaster". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United...
applications. Model organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophilamelanogaster, are commonly used for test crosses. Basic procedures for performing...
americana, the honey bee Apis mellifera, the locust and the fruit fly Drosophilamelanogaster. Studies of fruit fly mushroom bodies have been particularly important...
multitude of studies that would not have been possible without it. Drosophilamelanogaster is a popular experimental animal because it is easily cultured...
Morgan's work with the fruit fly Drosophilamelanogaster identified chromosomes as the vector of inheritance for genes. Drosophila became one of the first, and...
is best understood in the species Drosophilamelanogaster. Other than normal sleep-wake activity, D. melanogaster has two unique daily behaviours, namely...
developmental studies. Drosophilamelanogaster was introduced into the field of genetic experiments by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1909. Drosophila display a holometabolous...
in Drosophilamelanogaster in the early 1930s by German biologists Emil Heitz and Hans Bauer. In 1930, Heitz studied different species of Drosophila (D...
Morgan began to study the genetic characteristics of the fruit fly Drosophilamelanogaster. In his famous Fly Room at Columbia University's Schermerhorn Hall...
of plants. Here two examples: In the embryonic development of Drosophilamelanogaster, first 13 nuclear divisions take place forming a syncytial blastoderm...
with p120Ras GAP in this pathway. Expressed in all tissues of Drosophilamelanogaster but mostly in neural cells. Overexpression is somewhat lethal and...
connect to developing ooctypes via nutritive cords. In the fruit fly Drosophilamelanogaster, a common model organism for developmental research, each ovary...
including the brain, and skin or carapace and hair, bristles, or scales. Drosophila have been used as a developmental model for many years. The studies that...
reproduction. Extensive research with model invertebrate species such as Drosophilamelanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans has contributed much to our understanding...
(Drosophilamelanogaster) has DmOctβ1R, DmOctβ2R, and DmOctβ3R. OAMB. The diversity of this receptor is relatively unknown. The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)...
of Recent Transposable Element–Induced Adaptation in Drosophilamelanogaster", used D. melanogaster that had recently migrated from Africa to other parts...
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