For vocabulary, see Glossary of gene expression terms. For a non-technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to genetics.
Monoallelic gene expression (MAE) is the phenomenon of the gene expression, when only one of the two gene copies (alleles) is actively expressed (transcribed), while the other is silent.[1][2][3] Diploid organisms bear two homologous copies of each chromosome (one from each parent), a gene can be expressed from both chromosomes (biallelic expression) or from only one (monoallelic expression).[4] MAE can be Random monoallelic expression (RME) or Constitutive monoallelic expression (constitutive). Constitutive monoallelic expression occurs from the same specific allele throughout the whole organism or tissue, as a result of genomic imprinting.[5] RME is a broader class of monoallelic expression, which is defined by random allelic choice in somatic cells, so that different cells of the multi-cellular organism express different alleles.
Diagram shows the difference between mono- and bi-allelic expression
^Chess A (November 2016). "Monoallelic Gene Expression in Mammals". Annual Review of Genetics. 50 (1): 317–327. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-120215-035120. PMID 27893959.
^Khamlichi AA, Feil R (December 2018). "Parallels between Mammalian Mechanisms of Monoallelic Gene Expression". Trends in Genetics. 34 (12): 954–971. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2018.08.005. PMID 30217559. S2CID 52275718.
^Tarutani Y, Takayama S (October 2011). "Monoallelic gene expression and its mechanisms". Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 14 (5): 608–13. doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2011.07.001. PMID 21807553.
^Monga I, Qureshi A, Thakur N, Gupta AK, Kumar M (September 2017). "ASPsiRNA: A Resource of ASP-siRNAs Having Therapeutic Potential for Human Genetic Disorders and Algorithm for Prediction of Their Inhibitory Efficacy". G3. 7 (9): 2931–2943. doi:10.1534/g3.117.044024. PMC 5592921. PMID 28696921.
^Garfield AS, Cowley M, Smith FM, Moorwood K, Stewart-Cox JE, Gilroy K, et al. (January 2011). "Distinct physiological and behavioural functions for parental alleles of imprinted Grb10". Nature. 469 (7331): 534–8. Bibcode:2011Natur.469..534G. doi:10.1038/nature09651. PMC 3031026. PMID 21270893.
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PMID 11060332. Rahman N, Scott RH (April 2007). "Cancer genes associated with phenotypes in monoallelic and biallelic mutation carriers: new lessons from old...
within genes such as FAM60A, DMRTA1, MIR4686, and INFAM2 showed common susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes in different ethnicities. Monoallelicgene expression...
express different alleles. Inherited imprinted genes of offspring are believed to be monoallelicexpressions. A single locus will entirely produce one's...
V1R genes from being transcribed. They also obtained data supporting monoallelicexpression of V1rb2mv and V1rb2vg alleles and monogenic expression of...
of OR expression maximizes the capacity of olfaction. Both monoallelic OR expression in a single neuron and maximal diversity of OR expression in the...
expression is not localized to the cerebellum in mice. TMEM81 shows monoallelicexpression in both H. sapiens and M. musculus. In both H. sapiens and M. musculus...
Gallinger S (November 2004). "Association between biallelic and monoallelic germline MYH gene mutations and colorectal cancer risk". Journal of the National...
the function of the genome. The epigenome is involved in regulating geneexpression, development, tissue differentiation, and suppression of transposable...
S2CID 43806250. Hiby SE, Lough M, Keverne EB, et al. (2001). "Paternal monoallelicexpression of PEG3 in the human placenta". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (10): 1093–100...
conserved in the UBALD2 paralog. UBALD1 has monoallelicexpression, where as UBALD2 has biallelic expression. Exon 1 and the beginning of exon 3 (positions...
JP, Larbret F, Debili N, Feunteun J, et al. (July 2004). "FLI1 monoallelicexpression combined with its hemizygous loss underlies Paris-Trousseau/Jacobsen...
Antigenic variation is orchestrated by epigenetic factors, including monoallelic var transcription at separate spatial domains at the nuclear periphery...
for this gene in Simian Virus 40 (SV40) viral replication. Monoallelic variants in this gene have been associated with dominantly inherited Kenny-Caffey...
testis, along with being expressed in 26 other tissues. Somatic and monoallelic deletions of the 5’ region of SLX4IP was shown to occur in 30% of patients...
in acute myeloid leukemias, uveal melanomas, and glioblastomas. and monoallelic MBD4 germline mutations have been shown to predispose to uveal melanomas...
PDBe-KB. Kaghad M, Bonnet H, Yang A, et al. (August 1997). "Monoallelically expressed gene related to p53 at 1p36, a region frequently deleted in neuroblastoma...
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E, Gibbs RA, Chung WK, Yang Y, Belmont JW, Lupski JR (March 2016). "Monoallelic and Biallelic Variants in EMC1 Identified in Individuals with Global...
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