Chemical group derived from alkanes (one hydrogen removed)
Isopropyl groupMethyl group
In organic chemistry, an alkyl group is an alkane missing one hydrogen.[1]
The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions.
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1.[2]
Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH3.[3]
^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "alkyl groups". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00228
^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "cycloalkyl groups". doi:10.1351/goldbook.C01498
^Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry Naming Organic Compounds Archived 2016-05-21 at the Portuguese Web Archive
an alkylgroup is an alkane missing one hydrogen. The term alkyl is intentionally unspecific to include many possible substitutions. An acyclic alkyl has...
chemistry, alkyl nitrites are a group of organic compounds based upon the molecular structure R−O−N=O, where R represents an alkylgroup. Formally they...
Halomethane. Haloalkane or alkyl halides are the compounds which have the general formula "RX" where R is an alkyl or substituted alkylgroup and X is a halogen...
Pentyl is a five-carbon alkylgroup or substituent with chemical formula -C5H11. It is the substituent form of the alkane pentane. In older literature...
alkoxy group is an alkylgroup which is singularly bonded to oxygen; thus R−O. Denoted usually with apostrophe('). The range of alkoxy groups is vast...
chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkylgroup. The alkylgroup may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or...
of the two alkylgroups attached to the carbonyl group, followed by "ketone" as a separate word. Traditionally the names of the alkylgroups were written...
as R−C(O)OH with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur widely. Important examples...
weak) electrophiles, the reaction still occurs rapidly. Alkylgroups are electron donating groups. The carbon on that is sp3 hybridized and less electronegative...
polyatomic ions of the structure [NR4]+, where R is an alkylgroup, an aryl group or organyl group. Unlike the ammonium ion (NH+4) and the primary, secondary...
organyl group is alkyl) is usually derived from a carboxylic acid, in which case it has the formula R−C(=O)−, where R represents an organyl group or hydrogen...
hydrophilic end and alkylgroups of variable length comprising the hydrophobic end. When derived from glucose, they are known as alkyl polyglucosides. APG...
alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, in which the alkylgroup has various even-numbered alkyl chain lengths. Depending on purity, benzalkonium chloride...
usually shown as a single group (e.g., OH, NH2) without explicitly showing the hydrogen–heteroatom bond. Heteroatoms with simple alkyl or aryl substituents...
more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines...
Phenoxides are close relatives of the alkoxides, in which the alkylgroup is replaced by a phenyl group. Phenol is more acidic than a typical alcohol; thus, phenoxides...
In organic chemistry, a methyl group is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, having chemical formula...
leaving group are not uncommon (e.g., in the aldol condensation). It is exceedingly rare for groups such as H− (hydrides), R3C− (alkyl anions, R = alkyl or...
of technically relevant alkyl ketene dimers there is a C12 – C16 alkylgroup in the 3-position and a C13 – C17 alkylidene group in the 4-position. The...
In organic chemistry, butyl is a four-carbon alkyl radical or substituent group with general chemical formula −C4H9, derived from either of the two isomers...
"carboxylato-". Esters (R−C(=O)O−R') are named as alkyl derivatives of carboxylic acids. The alkyl (R') group is named first. The R−C(=O)O part is then named...
present in a π (pi) bond. The halogen atoms in an alkyl halide are electron withdrawing while the alkylgroups have electron donating tendencies. If the electronegative...
paraben is shown at the top right of this page, where R symbolizes an alkylgroup such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl. All commercially used parabens...
isomers are known, but they all feature an amyl group attached to the nitrite functional group. The alkylgroup is unreactive and the chemical and biological...
any organyl group, R, although Alk is sometimes used to specifically symbolize an alkylgroup (as opposed to an alkenyl group or aryl group). Ordinarily...
actual mechanism of alkylgroups moving, as in Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement, probably involves transfer of the moving alkylgroup fluidly along a bond...
alkylating agent used in cancer treatment that attaches an alkylgroup (CnH2n+1) to DNA. The alkylgroup is attached to the guanine base of DNA, at the number...
is a type of polymer with the general formula (CH2CHR)n where R is an alkylgroup. They are usually derived from a small set of simple olefins (alkenes)...
organic chemistry, the propargyl group is a functional group of 2-propynyl with the structure CH≡C−CH2−. It is an alkylgroup derived from propyne (HC≡C−CH3)...
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