"Skeletal structure" redirects here. For other uses, see Skeleton.
The skeletal formula of the antidepressant drug escitalopram, featuring skeletal representations of heteroatoms, a triple bond, phenyl groups and stereochemistry
The skeletal formula, line-angle formula, bond-line formula or shorthand formula of an organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula that serves as a shorthand representation of a molecule's bonding and some details of its molecular geometry. A skeletal formula shows the skeletal structure or skeleton of a molecule, which is composed of the skeletal atoms that make up the molecule.[1] It is represented in two dimensions, as on a piece of paper. It employs certain conventions to represent carbon and hydrogen atoms, which are the most common in organic chemistry.
An early form of this representation was first developed by organic chemist August Kekulé, while the modern form is closely related to and influenced by the Lewis structure of molecules and their valence electrons. Hence they are sometimes termed Kekulé structures[a] or Lewis–Kekulé structures. Skeletal formulae have become ubiquitous in organic chemistry, partly because they are relatively quick and simple to draw, and also because the curved arrow notation used for discussions of reaction mechanisms and electron delocalization can be readily superimposed.
Several other ways of depicting chemical structures are also commonly used in organic chemistry (though less frequently than skeletal formulae). For example, conformational structures look similar to skeletal formulae and are used to depict the approximate positions of atoms in 3D space, as a perspective drawing. Other types of representation, such as Newman projection, Haworth projection or Fischer projection, also look somewhat similar to skeletal formulae. However, there are slight differences in the conventions used, and the reader needs to be aware of them in order to understand the structural details encoded in the depiction. While skeletal and conformational structures are also used in organometallic and inorganic chemistry, the conventions employed also differ somewhat.
^Stoker, H. Stephen (2012). General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (6th ed.). Cengage. ISBN 978-1133103943.[page needed]
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The skeletalformula, line-angle formula, bond-line formula or shorthand formula of an organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula that...
molecular formula. There are multiple types of ways to draw these structural formulas such as: Lewis Structures, condensed formulas, skeletalformulas, Newman...
structural diagram is the skeletalformula (also known as a bond-line formula or carbon skeleton diagram). In a skeletalformula, carbon atoms are not signified...
Chemistry portal Dictionary of chemical formulae Formula unit Nuclear notation Periodic table Skeletalformula Simplified molecular-input line-entry system...
that is shared. In a simplified version of such a diagram, called a skeletalformula, only carbon-carbon bonds and functional groups are shown. Atoms in...
group than mauveine A. Skeletalformula of mauveine A Skeletalformula of mauveine B Skeletalformula of mauveine B2 Skeletalformula of mauveine C In 2008...
carbons bonded to the endocyclic oxygen atom. combined with hydrogen. Skeletalformula Natta projection Newman projection Campbell, Mary K. (2012). "16"....
single bond A bond that involves the sharing of one pair of electrons. skeletalformula sol A suspension of solid particles in a liquid. Artificial examples...
depict molecules with complete stereochemistry in two dimensions in a skeletalformula. In a hydrocarbon molecule with all carbon atoms making up the backbone...
Michel Eugène Chevreul isolated it from the basified water-extract of skeletal muscle. He later named the crystallized precipitate after the Greek word...
found in azo compounds (N=N), imines (C=N), and sulfoxides (S=O). In a skeletalformula, a double bond is drawn as two parallel lines (=) between the two connected...
hydronium ion (H3O+). Hydronium is one of a series of oxonium ions with the formula RnH3−nO+. Oxygen is usually pyramidal with an sp3 hybridization. Those...
is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H, C2H4O2, or HC2H3O2). Vinegar is at least...
acid is unstable). In the gas phase, it is a molecule with the chemical formula NH2‐CH2‐COOH. In solution or in the solid, glycine exists as the zwitterion...
Guanidine is the compound with the formula HNC(NH2)2. It is a colourless solid that dissolves in polar solvents. It is a strong base that is used in the...
hydrocarbons and terpenoids are oxygenated hydrocarbons. The general molecular formula of terpenes are multiples of (C5H8)n, where 'n' is number of linked isoprene...
Ethyl propionate is an organic compound with formula C2H5O2CCH2CH3. It is the ethyl ester of propionic acid. It is a colorless volatile liquid with a...
often abbreviated MeCN (methyl cyanide), is the chemical compound with the formula CH3CN and structure H3C−C≡N. This colourless liquid is the simplest organic...
Cyclohexanone is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)5CO. The molecule consists of six-carbon cyclic molecule with a ketone functional group. This...
carbons. The Fischer projection is a systematic way of drawing the skeletalformula of an acyclic monosaccharide so that the handedness of each chiral...
crystallography Racemization Skeletalformula#Stereochemistry which describes how stereochemistry is denoted in skeletal formulae "racemate". Merriam-Webster...
Morpholine is an organic chemical compound having the chemical formula O(CH2CH2)2NH. This heterocycle features both amine and ether functional groups...
depict molecules with complete stereochemistry in two dimensions in a skeletalformula Newman projection, a visual representation of a chemical bond from...
general formula of −CnH2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −CnH2n−1...
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