Transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another
Typical route for alkylation of benzene with ethylene and ZSM-5 as a heterogeneous catalyst
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). [1]Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation. Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation. Alkylating agents are often classified according to their nucleophilic or electrophilic character. In oil refining contexts, alkylation refers to a particular alkylation of isobutane with olefins. For upgrading of petroleum, alkylation produces a premium blending stock for gasoline.[2] In medicine, alkylation of DNA is used in chemotherapy to damage the DNA of cancer cells. Alkylation is accomplished with the class of drugs called alkylating antineoplastic agents.
^March Jerry; (1985). Advanced Organic Chemistry reactions, mechanisms and structure (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, inc. ISBN 0-471-85472-7
^Stefanidakis, G.; Gwyn, J.E. (1993). "Alkylation". In John J. McKetta (ed.). Chemical Processing Handbook. CRC Press. pp. 80–138. ISBN 0-8247-8701-3.
Alkylation is a chemical reaction that entails transfer of an alkyl group. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical,...
Amine alkylation (amino-dehalogenation) is a type of organic reaction between an alkyl halide and ammonia or an amine. The reaction is called nucleophilic...
An alkylation unit (alky) is one of the conversion processes used in petroleum refineries. It is used to convert isobutane and low-molecular-weight alkenes...
selectively furnishes the (Z)-enolate, which can undergo stereoselective alkylation. Alkylation of an oxazolidinone imide with benzyl bromide Activated electrophiles...
The Stork enamine alkylation involves the addition of an enamine to a Michael acceptor (e.g., an α,β -unsaturated carbonyl compound) or another electrophilic...
In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two organyl groups (e.g., alkyl or aryl)...
effects. Industrially significant alkyl amines are prepared from ammonia by alkylation with alcohols: ROH + NH 3 ⟶ RNH 2 + H 2 O {\displaystyle {\ce {ROH + NH3...
salts are necessary to colocate the reactants via complexation. In Birch alkylation the anion formed in the Birch reduction is trapped by a suitable electrophile...
counterparts, they can still react selectively, rendering them useful for alkylation reactions. The enamine nucleophile can attack haloalkanes to form the...
Lewis acids. A classic preparation of sulfonates is the Strecker sulfite alkylation, in which an alkali sulfite salt displaces a halide, typically in the...
well as the phenol. Cumene is formed in the gas-phase Friedel–Crafts alkylation of benzene by propene. Benzene and propene are compressed together to...
"Haloalkanes and ammonia". www.chemguide.co.uk. Ashenhurst, James (2017-05-26). "Alkylation of Amines". Master Organic Chemistry. Werner, Emil Alphonse (1918-01-01)...
effects. This diagram shows an o-alkylation between phenol and methanol. Unlike the c-alkylation, the o-alkylation replaces the hydrogen atom on the...
Pennsylvania. A release of hydrocarbons and hydrofluoric acid in the refinery's alkylation unit caused a ground-hugging vapor cloud which rapidly ignited, leading...
In chemistry, a cyanide (from Greek kyanos 'dark blue') is a chemical compound that contains a C≡N functional group. This group, known as the cyano group...
cumene is by Friedel–Crafts alkylation of benzene with propylene. The original route for manufacturing of cumene was by alkylation of benzene in the liquid...
Friedel-Crafts alkylation and related reactions. AlCl3 is a common Lewis-acid catalyst for Friedel-Crafts reactions, both acylations and alkylations. Important...
halides. The primary difficulty for alkylation reactions employing nitrile anions is over-alkylation. In the alkylation of acetonitrile, for instance, yields...
1951 and came into medical use in 1960. Carbocisteine is produced by alkylation of cysteine with chloroacetic acid. Carbocisteine. drugbank.ca Zheng JP...
acetic acid. A major drawback of malonic ester synthesis is that the alkylation stage can also produce dialkylated structures. This makes separation of...
number of ways including reaction with ammonia or another amine such as an alkylation, reductive amination and the Mannich reaction. Many alkyl amines are produced...
polymerization, 2) oxidation, 3) halogenation and hydrohalogenation, 4) alkylation, 5) hydration, 6) oligomerization, and 7) hydroformylation. In the United...
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