Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected.
In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR4]+, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group[1] or organyl group. Unlike the ammonium ion (NH+4) and the primary, secondary, or tertiary ammonium cations, the quaternary ammonium cations are permanently charged, independent of the pH of their solution. Quaternary ammonium salts or quaternary ammonium compounds (called quaternary amines in oilfield parlance) are salts of quaternary ammonium cations. Polyquats are a variety of engineered polymer forms which provide multiple quat molecules within a larger molecule.
Quats are used in consumer applications including as antimicrobials (such as detergents and disinfectants), fabric softeners, and hair conditioners. As an antimicrobial, they are able to inactivate enveloped viruses (such as SARS-CoV-2). Quats tend to be gentler on surfaces than bleach-based disinfectants, and are generally fabric-safe.[2]
"Top" view of Bu4N+ as determined by X-ray crystallography.[3]"Side" view of Bu4N+ as determined by X-ray crystallography.[3]
^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "quaternary ammonium compounds". doi:10.1351/goldbook.Q05003
^Heffernan T (14 April 2021). "The Best Surface Cleaners, Wipes, and Disinfectants". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-02-17.
^ abKern A, Näther C, Studt F, Tuczek F (August 2004). "Application of a universal force field to mixed Fe/Mo-S/Se cubane and heterocubane clusters. 1. Substitution of sulfur by selenium in the series [Fe4X4(YCH3)4]2-; X = S/Se and Y = S/Se". Inorganic Chemistry. 43 (16): 5003–5010. doi:10.1021/ic030347d. PMID 15285677.
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tiemonium, a quaternaryammoniumcation. Scoular IT, Monks A, Burgess C, Turner P (1977). "Human studies on the bioavailability of a quaternaryammonium compounds...
becomes a positive cation. Lewis acids form -ate ions when the central atom gains one more bond and becomes a negative anion. boronium cation, BH+4 (protonated...
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category C and is excreted in breast milk. Chemically it is a quaternaryammoniumcation which causes it to stay in periphery rather than crossing the...
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to date been sufficiently addressed. Alcohol and alcohol plus Quaternaryammoniumcation based compounds comprise a class of proven surface sanitizers...
Perforce Software QAC Road, a short city road in Kollam, India Quaternaryammoniumcation, positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR4]+ Queen...
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(titanium dioxide) nanoparticles, peptization involves adsorption of quaternaryammoniumcation on the titania surface. This causes the surface to become positively...
as an anion or a cation, depending on whether it is negatively or positively charged. Thus, the counterion to an anion will be a cation, and vice versa...
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for use in the mouth. It is a salt consisting of a lipophilic quaternaryammoniumcation and iodide as the counterion. Scolari G (September 1979). "[Use...
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