fever, cough, congestion, vomiting and diarrhea, for several days. After these flu-like symptoms, the affected individuals develop neurological problems, such as seizures, hallucinations, difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia) or abnormal muscle tone.[1]
Causes
Influenza is the most common virus found in people with acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1; other viruses that are known to trigger this condition include human herpesvirus 6, coxsackie virus, and enteroviruses. In rare cases, the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae is involved.[1]
Prevention
Vaccination,[2] face coverings, quarantine, physical/social distancing, ventilation, hand washing[3]
Medication
Steroid and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Prognosis
Approximately one-third of individuals with acute necrotizing encephalopathy type 1 do not survive their illness and subsequent neurological decline. Of those who do survive, about half have permanent brain damage due to tissue necrosis, resulting in impairments in walking, speech, and other basic functions, there may also be permanent brain damage.[1]
Frequency
At least 59 cases of this condition have been reported in the scientific literature[1]
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) or sometimes necrotizing encephalitis or infection-induced acute encephalopathy (IIAE) is a rare type of brain disease (encephalopathy) that occurs following a viral infection.[4] Most commonly, it develops secondary to infection with influenza A, influenza B, and the human herpes virus 6. ANE can be familial or sporadic, but both forms are very similar to each other. Multiple subtypes, associated with specific genes have been found.[5]
^ abcdCite error: The named reference MedLine was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"COVID-19 vaccines". World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved 3 March 2021.
^Talic, S; Shah, S; Wild, H; Gasevic, D; Maharaj, A; Ademi, Z; Li, X; Xu, W; Mesa-Eguiagaray, I; Rostron, J; Theodoratou, E (17 November 2021). "Effectiveness of public health measures in reducing the incidence of covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and covid-19 mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 375: e068302. doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-068302. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 9423125. PMID 34789505. S2CID 244271780.
^"Acute necrotizing encephalopathy - National Organization for Rare Disorders". rarediseases.org. 2022-06-16. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
^"Acute necrotizing encephalopathy - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2023-03-05.
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