Peritonitis is inflammation of the localized or generalized peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and cover of the abdominal organs.[2] Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever, or weight loss.[2][3] One part or the entire abdomen may be tender.[1] Complications may include shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome.[4][5]
Causes include perforation of the intestinal tract, pancreatitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, stomach ulcer, cirrhosis, a ruptured appendix or even a perforated gallbladder.[3] Risk factors include ascites (the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen) and peritoneal dialysis.[4] Diagnosis is generally based on examination, blood tests, and medical imaging.[6]
Treatment often includes antibiotics, intravenous fluids, pain medication, and surgery.[3][4] Other measures may include a nasogastric tube or blood transfusion.[4] Without treatment death may occur within a few days.[4] About 20% of people with cirrhosis who are hospitalized have peritonitis.[1]
^ abcdefFerri, Fred F. (2017). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 979–980. ISBN 9780323529570. Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
^ abc"Peritonitis - National Library of Medicine". PubMed Health. Archived from the original on 2016-01-24. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
^ abcdef"Peritonitis". NHS. 28 September 2017. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
^ abcdefgh"Acute Abdominal Pain". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
^ ab"Acute Abdominal Pain". Merck Manuals Consumer Version. Archived from the original on 13 July 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
^ ab"Encyclopaedia : Peritonitis". NHS Direct Wales. 25 April 2015. Archived from the original on 31 December 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
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infection spreads to the lining of the abdominal cavity (the peritoneum), peritonitis results. Sometimes, inflamed diverticula can cause narrowing of the bowel...
therapy used for the latter can lead to dissemination), tuberculous peritonitis, and genitourinary tuberculosis. A potentially more serious, widespread...
in cats to differentiate between effusions due to feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and effusions caused by other diseases. Not only the high protein...
developing this condition. A frequent side effect of peritoneal dialysis, peritonitis is intricately linked to the development of encapsulating peritoneal...
the mechanism of diffusion, waste products are removed from the blood. Peritonitis is the inflammation of the peritoneum. It is more commonly associated...
shortness of breath. Complications can include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In the developed world, the most common cause is liver cirrhosis. Other...
requiring immediate surgery include: severe abdominal pain, signs of peritonitis such as rebound tenderness, elevated heart rate, fever, and elevated...
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