Zirconium information

Zirconium, ₄₀Zr
Zirconium
Pronunciation	/zɜːrˈkoʊniəm/ (zur-KOH-nee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Zr)
	91.224±0.002; 91.224±0.002 (abridged);
Zirconium in the periodic table
	yttrium ← zirconium → niobium
Atomic number (Z)	40
Group	group 4
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2125 K (1852 °C, 3365 °F)
Boiling point	4650 K (4377 °C, 7911 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	6.505 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	5.8 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	591 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.36 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, 0, +1,[citation needed] +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.33
Ionization energies	1st: 640.1 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1270 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2218 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 160 pm
Covalent radius	175±7 pm
	Spectral lines of zirconium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants	a = 323.22 pm; c = 514.79 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	5.69×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	22.6 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	421 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	88 GPa
Shear modulus	33 GPa
Bulk modulus	91.1 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	3800 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.34
Mohs hardness	5.0
Vickers hardness	820–1800 MPa
Brinell hardness	638–1880 MPa
CAS Number	7440-67-7
History
Naming	after zircon, zargun زرگون meaning "gold-colored".
Discovery	Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789)
First isolation	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1824)
Isotopes of zirconium v; e;
γ	–
β+	89Y
γ	–
	Category: Zirconium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Zirconium is a chemical element; it has symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name zirconium is derived from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word is related to Persian zargun (zircon; zar-gun, "gold-like" or "as gold").^[8] It is a lustrous, grey-white, strong transition metal that closely resembles hafnium and, to a lesser extent, titanium.

Zirconium forms a variety of inorganic and organometallic compounds such as zirconium dioxide and zirconocene dichloride, respectively. Five isotopes occur naturally, four of which are stable.

Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although small amounts are used as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion. Zirconium compounds have no known biological role.

^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Zirconium". CIAAW. 1983.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
^ "Zirconium: zirconium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.
^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ Pritychenko, Boris; Tretyak, V. "Adopted Double Beta Decay Data". National Nuclear Data Center. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
^ Harper, Douglas. "zircon". Online Etymology Dictionary.

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[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Zirconium". CIAAW. 1983.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-3] Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[4] "Zirconium: zirconium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 2007-12-10.

[magnet-6] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[NUBASE2020-7] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[8] Pritychenko, Boris; Tretyak, V. "Adopted Double Beta Decay Data". National Nuclear Data Center. Retrieved 2008-02-11.

[9] Harper, Douglas. "zircon". Online Etymology Dictionary.

Zirconium information

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