Group 4 is the second group of transition metals in the periodic table. It contains the four elements titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), and rutherfordium (Rf). The group is also called the titanium group or titanium family after its lightest member.
As is typical for early transition metals, zirconium and hafnium have only the group oxidation state of +4 as a major one, and are quite electropositive and have a less rich coordination chemistry. Due to the effects of the lanthanide contraction, they are very similar in properties. Titanium is somewhat distinct due to its smaller size: it has a well-defined +3 state as well (although +4 is more stable).
All the group 4 elements are hard, refractory metals. Their inherent reactivity is completely masked due to the formation of a dense oxide layer that protects them from corrosion, as well as attack by many acids and alkalis. The first three of them occur naturally. Rutherfordium is strongly radioactive: it does not occur naturally and must be produced by artificial synthesis, but its observed and theoretically predicted properties are consistent with it being a heavier homologue of hafnium. None of them have any biological role.
which each group suggesting its own name: the Dubna group named the element kurchatovium after Igor Kurchatov, while the Berkeley group named it rutherfordium...
oxygen group" for group 16), iron group has historically been used differently; most often, it means a set of adjacent elements on period (row) 4 of the...
Period 4 in the periodic table A period 4element is one of the chemical elements in the fourth row (or period) of the periodic table of the chemical elements...
chemists then correctly assumed that it was the ore of a distinct new element, named molybdenum for the mineral in which it was discovered. Peter Jacob...
N.; Saro, S.; Janik, R.; Leino, M. (1995). "The new element 111". Zeitschrift für Physik A. 350 (4): 281–282. Bibcode:1995ZPhyA.350..281H. doi:10.1007/BF01291182...
of the early transition metal groups, where the lightest element is distinct from the very similar next two. All the group 3 elements are rather soft, silvery-white...
and tantalum. Pure tantalum was not produced until 1903. The last element of the group, dubnium, does not occur naturally and so must be synthesized in...
Group 9, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group (column) of chemical elements in the d-block of the periodic table. Members of Group 9 include cobalt (Co)...
fairly common element, whereas rhenium is rare, technetium only occurs in trace quantities, and bohrium is entirely synthetic. The trends in group 7 follow...
Group4 may refer to: Group4element, chemical element classification Group4 (motorsport), classification for cars in auto racing and rallying G4S, formerly...
naturally in ores, and it is the earth's 22nd most abundant element. Two prominent groups of ores from which it can be extracted are laterites and sulfide...
table, it is a d-block element and the second of the fourth-row transition elements. It is in period 7 and is a group4element. Chemistry experiments...
Florida: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. p. 4-41. ISBN 978-0-8493-0487-3. Heiserman, David L. (1992). "Element 30: Zinc". Exploring Chemical Elements...
resulting in trends in chemical behavior. This group has the defining characteristic whereby each component element has 5 electrons in their valence shell, that...
to have discovered element 85 in minerals, and called the element dakine, but he was also mistaken. An attempt at discovering element 85 in 1939 by Horia...
Sulfur has been known since antiquity, and oxygen was recognized as an element in the 18th century. Selenium, tellurium and polonium were discovered in...
referred to as the triels. Several group 13 elements have biological roles in the ecosystem. Boron is a trace element in humans and is essential for some...
boiling points of the carbon group tend to get lower with the heavier elements. Carbon, the lightest carbon groupelement, sublimes at 3825 °C. Silicon's...
Oganesson is expected to be rather like silicon or tin in group 14: a reactive element with a common +4 and a less common +2 state, which at room temperature...
that every other element of the group may be obtained by repeatedly applying the group operation to g or its inverse. Each element can be written as...
sometimes referred, in local languages, to "air" as "wind" and the fifth element as "void". These different cultures and even individual philosophers had...
Thorium is a chemical element. It has the symbol Th and atomic number 90. Thorium is a weakly radioactive light silver metal which tarnishes olive gray...
The Fifth Element is a 1997 English-language French science fiction action film conceived and directed by Luc Besson, as well as co-written by Besson...
A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions. The basic particle that constitutes...
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